BIOL 2070 Chapter 1: Microorganism and Microbiology

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Microbiology revolves around two interconnected themes: understanding the nature and functioning of the microbial world, applying our understanding of the microbial world for the benefit of humankind and earth. Use microbial cells to probe fundamental processes of life: we have developed a sophisticated understanding of chemical and physical basis of life, have learned that all cells share much in common. Microbiology is at the forefront of many important breakthroughs in medicine, agriculture, industry. Microorganisms collectively constitute the bulk of biomass on earth and carry out many necessary chemical reactions for higher organisms. Humans, plants, and animals are intimately dependent on microbial activities for the recycling of key nutrients and for degrading organic matter. Microorganisms support and maintain life on earth. Microbial cells interact with their environment and with other cells in dynamic ways. All cells have a cytoplasmic membrane: permeability barrier, separates cytoplasm from outside of the cell.

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