PSYC-2200 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1-8: Participant Observation, Observer-Expectancy Effect, Ethology
Document Summary
Chapter 1 (pages 4-14, 31-37) - history, theory, and applied directions. Prenatal (conception to birth): most rapid time of change. Infancy and toddlerhood (birth -2): dramatic changes, Early childhood (2-6): body - long and leaner, children become more self- controlled and self-su cient, thought and language, morality starts, establish ties with peers, considered a separate period of life in medieval times, Middle childhood (6-11): border world view, athletic abilities, organized games, more logical thought processes, advances in understanding morality, the self, and friendship. Adolescence (11-18):transition into adulthood, adult-sized body and sexual maturity, abstract and idealistic thoughts, establish autonomy. Theory: orderly, integrated set of statements that describes, explains, and predicts behaviour. Reformation: kids are evil and need to be civilized. Darwin: forefather of scienti c child study, natural selection, survival of the ttest. Normative period: g. stanley hall, measures of behaviour are taken on large numbers of individuals and age-related averages are computed to represent typical development.