Biochemistry 2280A Chapter Notes - Chapter Topic 4: Turnover Number, Systematic Chaos, Guanine
24 Sep 2016
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Myosin: storage proteins: store amino acids or ions, in liver, signal proteins: carry extracellular signals from cell to cell, e. g. Insulin: receptor proteins: detect signals and transmit them to the cell"s response machinery, rhodopsin, gene regulatory proteins: bind to dna to switch genes on or off, repressor, etc, special purpose proteins: highly variable, specialized. A protein binds selectively and with high affinity to a ligand due to weak non-covalent interactions, bonds must be formed simultaneously ligand and protein fit very well: hydrogen bonds, electrostatic attractions, van der waals, hydrophobic forces. There are billions of different antibodies, each with a different binding site: Antibodies: immunoglobin proteins produced by the immune system in response to foreign molecules often on surface of invading microorganism. Enzymes bind to substrates and convert them into chemically modified products: help make and break covalent bonds at will. Enzymes have an active site: cradles substrate, noncovalent bonds (rarely and briefly covalent)
