Biochemistry 2280A Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Covalent Bond, Hydrogen Bond, Carboxylic Acid
18 Jul 2016
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Biochemistry 2280 topic 2 amino acids and peptide bonds. Covalent bonds formed when electron density between two atoms balances repulsion between nuclei: has specific bond length, too close nuclei repel each other, too far away no attraction. In aqueous solution, ionic bonds are 100 times weaker than covalent bonds due to noncovalent associates with water molecules. Light microscopes use visible light to illuminate specimen, allowed scientists to see first cells. In 1930s, electron microscopes used breams of electrons to capture finer details: individual large molecules visible. All amino acids have amino group, carboxyl group, and side chain (r) attached to - carbon. Polypeptide = chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds: n-terminus = end with amino group, c-terminus = end with carboxyl group, two different ends give chain directionality and structural polarity. All amino acids except glycine exist as optical isomers (mirror image, stereoisomers) in.
