Biology 1201A Chapter Notes - Chapter 18: Carl Linnaeus, Evolutionary Taxonomy, Woodpecker
17 Feb 2014
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18. 2 systematic biology: an overview: systematics: 2 goals, reconstruct phylogeny or evolutionary history of group of organisms; presented as phylogenetic trees (formal hypotheses identifying likely relationships among species) Robust phylogenetic hypotheses: allow to distinguish similarities inherited from common ancestor from those that evolved independently in response to similar environments: taxonomy: identification/naming of species & placement in classification. Classification: arrangement of organisms into hierarchal groups that reflect relatedness. Experiments: first w/ individual of single species, preferably one that is closed genetic system that may respond uniquely to experimental conditions. If researcher used 2 species that responded differently, mixed results would not make sense. Selecting species that is androdieocus or gynogenetic=either beneficial or mistake. Ex. woodpeckers: taxon (picidae) at family level; pine trees: taxon (pinus) at genus level: (most inclusive-least inclusive) domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. 18. 4 from classification to phylogeny: systematists: relied on organized traits (mainly morphology)- analyzing evolutionary relationships/classifying organisms.
