Biology 2483A Chapter 9: Ecology Chapter 9.pdf

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From 1860 to 1991, human population quadrupled in size, and energy consumption increased 93-fold: for thousands of years our population grew relatively slowly, reaching 1 billion for the. Now we are adding 1 billion people every 13 years. Growth rate has slowed recently, to about 1. 18% per year, and continues to slow. Sx = survival rate: chance that an individual of age x will survive to age x + 1. lx = survivorship: proportion of individuals that survive from birth to age x. Fx = fecundity: average number of offspring a female will have at age x. Survivorship curve: plot of the number of individuals from a hypothetical cohort that will survive to reach different ages. Type i: most individuals survive to old age (dall sheep, humans). Type ii: the chance of surviving remains constant throughout the lifetime (some birds).

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