Biology 2581B Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Mendelian Inheritance, Centriole, Y Chromosome
15 Jan 2018
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8. 1 chromosome mutations include rearrangements, aneuploidy, polyploidy. Each organisms has n number of chromosomes, and all cells have the same n amount of chromosomes. Variations in n-number, or chromosome structure could arise chromosome mutations > evolution. Each chromosome has 1 centromere, 2 telomeres (stabilizes ends). Karyotype is the complete set of an org. "s chromosome presented at metaphase in descending size order. Chemicals were used to stop cells after metaphase, and before anaphase. Di erent dyes are used to stain di erent regions of chromosomes (ex: a at rich region is reviewed by giemsa dye) Either duplication, deletion, inversion: aneuploidy (2n + 1) Individual chromosomes are added: polyploidy (3n/ 4n etc. ) 1+ complete sets of chromosomes are added. Occurs when there are doubled-stranded dna breaks. Tandem duplication = when the repeated segment is immediately adjacent to the copied segment (ex: abcdefefg) Displaced duplication = duplicated segment is located some distance from oriiginal. Either on same or di erent chromosome. (ex: abcdefgef)
