Biology 1001A Chapter Notes - Chapter 23: Intermediate Filament, Chromosome Segregation, Kinetochore

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28 Aug 2017

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Microtubules are made of tubulin, intermediate filaments are made of keratin, microfilaments are made of actin. In metaphase, motor proteins attached to kinetochores grab onto the microtubules (spindle fibres) and pull the chromosomes along to either pole of the cell. The spindle fibre does not pull the chromosomes towards it; rather the chromosomes pull themselves towards the spindle fibre. Motor proteins attached to kinetochores pull the chromosomes apart to the poles. They walk the kinetochore along the microtubules, which disassemble, which in turn pulls the chromosomes towards the poles. 3 checkpoints in cycle: first one is just before s phase: cells will not enter s phase until all of the dna is repaired any damaged dna must be fixed before it is copied in s phase. Second checkpoint is just before mitosis: cells do not enter mitosis until the chromosomes are condensed and ready.

Related Questions

Part A- Microtubules. Select all that apply.

1) They are filaments in mitotic and meiotic spindles

2) They are required for moving sister chromatids to opposite sides of the poles during anaphase II of meiosis and anaphase of mitosis.

3) They are required for moving homologs to opposite sides of the poles during anaphase I of meiosis.

4) They are important for maintaining homologous chromosome pairing and plays a role in recombination.

5) They catalyze the phosphorylation of specific proteins.

6) They are a layered structue located between paired homologs in prophase I of meiosis in many organisms.

Part B- Cyclin-dependent kinases. Select all that apply.

1) They are filaments in mitotic and meiotic spindles.

2) They are enzymes that control progression through cell cycle.

3) They are required for the segregation of chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis or meiosis.

4) They are important for homologous chromosome pairing and plays a role in recombination.

5) They catalyze the phosphorylation of specific proteins.

Part C- Kinetochores. Select all that apply.

1) They are enzymes that control progression through cell cycle.

2) They are important for maintaining homologous chromosome pairing and plays a role in recombination.

3) They are required for the segregation of chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis or meiosis.

4) They are complx structures attached to the centromeres of chromosomes that bind to spindle microtubules.

5) They catalyze the phosphorylation of specific proteins.

Part D- Synaptonemal complex. Select all that apply.

1) It is required for moving sister chromatids to opposite sides of the poles during anaphase II of meiosis and anaphase of mitosis.

2) It is a layered structure located between paired homologs in prophase I of meiosis in many organisms.

3) It is complex structures attached to the centromeres of chromosomes that bind to spindle microtubules.

4) It catalyzes the phospohorylation of specific proteins.

5) It is important for maintaining homologous chromosome pairing and plays a role in recombination.

Please give a brief answer for each question:

1. What are the functions of the Golgi complex, which parts oftheir structures help them to play those roles? which type ofprotein you never find in golgi complex?

2. In human body, meiosis is restricted in?

3. Asters definition, structures and functions?

4. Common features of Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes divisionprocess?

5. Which protein for chromatids separation before the journey tospindle poles?

6. Difference between somatic and germline cell?

7. Roles of carbohydrates in cell structures and livingactions?

8. Which organelle contain enzyme such as H2O2 as a by product?Detail its structure and function?

9. Which is the site in biosynthetic pathway where final sortingdecision are made to target protein to the cell surface, lysosomesor secretary granules

10. Which exact place in nucleus are to produce and to assembleribosomes

11. Detail the feature of telophase in meiosis?

12. Which life cycle occur in flowering plants? Detail thefeatures of this type of lifecycle?

- Same question with fungi?

13. What are the kinetochores and their functions?

14. Unique characteristics of Meiosis I that different fromMeiosis II and mitosis?

15. Types of transportation in cell?

16. Detail the Robert Whitakerâs proposal?

17. Lysosome and Peroxisomes differences?

18. Microtubules and Intermediate filaments differences?

19. What are the plastids and their functions? s

20. Cell use which structures for their internal movement?

21. Gametes produced from where and what types of cell?

22. What is the point where replicated chromosomes attach to themicrotubules of the spindle apparatus?

23. Which theory proposed to explain the possible origin ofchloroplasts and mitochondria?

24. Types of fibers in mitosis spindles and their function?

25. Dark reations of photosynthesis occur where inchloroplast?

26. Centriole structure is a ring of how many groups ofmicrotubules?

27. The Cart Woese proposal?

28. Function of Peroxisomes?

29. Functions of Mitochondria DNA

30. Detail the structure of cell membrane?

31. Which structure are the cell power reducer and are the siteof cellular respiration

32. Which structure will never been found in the plant cell butin the animal cell?

33. What are the motor protein and their function in cell?

cyanllama909

i need help with this homwork please choose the correct answers and just be claer to read and understand for the slect the apply qusestions too and it is important i realy need the right answers so please be claer not write randomly i really need the correct answers to study for my test so hop you can help me

Question 1

What is the smallest cell you could find?

Question 2

TEMs appear as 3D images

True

False

Question 3

Bacteria are what cell type? Write one word as the answer in lowercase and using no syntax.

Flag this Question

Question 42 pts

ALL eukaryotic cells have which of the following. Click all that apply.

membrane enclosed cell organelles

mitochondria

Question 5

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have which if the following cellular components. Click all that apply.

Question 6

I am made of one 60s and one 40s subunit, which organelle am I?

protein

lipid

bacterial ribosome

Question 9

The difference between the rough and smooth ER is

the rough produces lipids where as the smooth does not

the rough has many folds and convolutions where as the smooth does not

the rough has ribosome embedded and the smooth does not

the rough is closer to the cell membrane whereas the smooth is closer to the nucleus

Question 10

The site where many lipids, including cell membrane is produced.

Question 11

Name the organelle: In muscle cells in particular, I would increase in number and size in response to frequent exercise

Question 12

In animal cells, glucose would be mobilized from its storage molecule (glycogen) in this part of the cell.

Question 13

Which of these is associated with the rough ER

production of carbohydrates

production of steroid hormones

production of ATP

production of proteins that are secreted from the cell

Question 14

Which organelle sorts, modifies and stores substances produced on the rough ER. Write two words as the answer in lower case separated by a space.

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production. Write one word in the singular as the answer.

Question 16

You inherit all of your mitochondria from your

father

half from your mother and half from your father

your siblings

mother

Question 17

An organelle that contains chlorophyll

Question 18

Microtubules have a variety of roles, which of the options below is NOT one of them?

separate chromosomes

cilia and flagellum movement

tracks for organelle movement

constrict the cell during cell division

Question 19

Made of tubulin subunits

microfilaments

chromosomes

intermediate filaments

microtubules

Question 20

Name the part of the cytoskeleton that is made of two twisted rods of actin. Write one word as the answer in lower case.

Question 21

Which part of the cytoskeleton is made of the same protein as your hair and nails?

microfilaments

microtubules

Intermediate filaments

Question 22

The extracellular matrix is found outside of, but attached to the cell membrane?

True

False

Question 23

Which of the options below is an important function of the extra cellular matrix?

connecting cells together

regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell

helping cells divide into two cells

keeping the cell in a fixed and ridged shape

Question 24

Which part of the cell wall has a high pectin content?

Question 25

Plants have mitochondria, chloroplasts, a cell wall, and nuclei.

True

False

Question 27

What accounts for 40% of the protein in our bodies?

Question 28

Animal cells have cell walls

True

false

Biology 1001A Chapter Notes - Chapter 23: Intermediate Filament, Chromosome Segregation, Kinetochore

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