Biology 1225 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Homologous Chromosome, Dna Replication, Mitosis

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Cell spends most of its life in interphase. G1 is the growth phase before replication. Each chromosome is one double stranded dna molecule. Cell makes copies of chromosomes by dna replication. G2: phase after dna replication and before mitosis. Cell prepares to divide -> makes proteins. Mitosis and cytoplasm division are part of asexual reproduction. Homologous chromosome: in nucleus of diploid eukaryotic cell, chromosomes same length and shape and set of genes. Dna begins to appear grainy as it starts to condense. Duplication of chromosomes become visible as they condense. Spindle microtubules assemble and bind chromosomes at centromere. Sister chromatids become attached to microtubules extending from opposite ends of cell. All chromosomes are aligned in middle of cell. Spindle microtubules separate sister chromatids and move them towards opposite sides of. Each sister chromatid now becomes an individual, unduplicated chromosome the cell. Chromosomes reach opposite sides of cell and loosen.

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