Biology 1225 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Proofreading, Karyotype, Dna Polymerase
5 Jun 2018
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6: DNA Structure and Function
Tuesday, May 22, 2018
2:49 PM
6.1--Cloning
Remember: A cell's DNA contains all the information necessary to build a news cell, in the case of
multicelled organisms, an entire individual
• Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT): Reproductive cloning method in which the DNA of an
adult donors body cell is transferred into an unfertilized egg. SCNT is possible because all cells
descended from a fertilized egg inherit the same DNA
• Reproductive cloning: Any of several laboratory procedures that produce genetically identical
animals
• Differentiation: Process by which cells become specialized during development
All the Descendent cells of a differentiated cell will also be specialized in the same way. By the time a
differentiated cell forms, most of its DNA has been turned off
6.2--Fame, Glory and DNA Structure
Remember: Radioisotope tracers were used in research that led to the discovery that DNA is the
hereditary material of all organisms. Protein structure varies greatly, but patterns such as helices are
common. DNA is a polymer of nucleotides that have been linked into a chain
Exam Purposes
• Covalent Bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and phosphate of the next form the sugar-
phosphate backbone of each chain
• Hydrogen bonds between the internally positioned bases hold the 2 strands together (the link
internally positioned nucleotide bases)
• DNA Sequence: order of nucleotides in a strand of DNA
Message:
• DNA is a molecule of inheritance in all organisms
• A DNA molecule consists of 2 nucleotide chains coiled into a double helix. Hydrogen bonding
between internally positioned nucleotide bases hold the strands together
• The sequence of bases along a DNA strand, the DNA sequence, varies among species and among
individuals. This variation is the basis of life's diversity
6.3--DNA In Chromosomes
Remember: the DNA of a eukaryotic cell is contained in a nucleus
• Chromosome: Structure that consists of DNA together with associated proteins; carries part or
all of a cells genetic info
• Histone: Type of Protein that associated with Eukaryotes DNA and structurally organizes
chromosomes
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Remember: a cell"s dna contains all the information necessary to build a news cell, in the case of multicelled organisms, an entire individual. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (scnt): reproductive cloning method in which the dna of an adult donors body cell is transferred into an unfertilized egg. Scnt is possible because all cells descended from a fertilized egg inherit the same dna: reproductive cloning: any of several laboratory procedures that produce genetically identical animals, differentiation: process by which cells become specialized during development. All the descendent cells of a differentiated cell will also be specialized in the same way. By the time a differentiated cell forms, most of its dna has been turned off. Remember: radioisotope tracers were used in research that led to the discovery that dna is the hereditary material of all organisms. Protein structure varies greatly, but patterns such as helices are common. Dna is a polymer of nucleotides that have been linked into a chain.
