Biology 1290B Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Louis Pasteur, Edward Jenner, Miasma Theory
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19 Jul 2017
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Chapter 1: Miroiology –Then and Now
- Pasteur series of eperiet was to test the hpothesis that life ol rises fro other
life
o Experiment 1A and 1B – sterilized animal broths in glass flasks by heating it
▪ 1A -> sealed the glass neck -> Organisms did not form after T
▪ 1B-> did not sealed the neck -> Organisms were formed after T
o Experiment 2A and 2B – sterilized meat broth in swan necked flasks (S-shaped)
▪ 2A -> S-shaped -> did not have organisms growing until the neck was
snapped off
▪ 2B -> when it was snapped off, organisms appeared
- Miasma: poisonous air
- Vaiolatio: loig a goud sallpo pode ito the idiidual’s ose
o The Chinese people did this in the 14th century
- Edward Jenner believed that people who had cowpox were prevented from deadly
smallpox
- Created vaccination (vacca= cow)
- Synthetic biology – euild o eate e life fos fo sath eoiig
molecules take from different species
- Autopsy -> a postodet eaiatio to fid out hat’s the ause of the death
- Diseases are linked to sanitation, miasma,
1.3 The Classical Golden Age of Microbiology Reveals the Germ:
- After WW1 -> the Golden Age of microbiology
- Fermentation -> the process of splitting sugar molecules into smaller products like
alcohol, acid, and gas (CO2)
o People used to think that it was just a chemical reaction with the air but Louis
Pasteur used microscope observations that showed that there was a large
number of tiny yeast cells
o Even without air, they were still able to grow
o Thought yeast cells must be the cause of fermentation
o Pasteurization – a heatig tehiue that kills the ateiu ut does’t ha
the quality of the wine
▪ Created the germ theory of disease (germs are the organisms in the air)
and that they are the cause of infectious disease
▪ Thought that we can control them by not allowing them to spread
- Joseph Lister:
o Ke aout pasteu’s theo ad also lead to the patie of atisepsis
▪ Antisepsis: the use of chemical methods for disinfection of external living
surfaces such as the skin
- Robert Koch:
o Koh’s Postulates – prepared a pure culture containing of one bacterial type
o Isolated bacteria from dead organism that died from a disease
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