Chemistry 2213A/B Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution, Benzyl Group, Sigma Bond

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9. 1 what is the structure of benzene: keluke"s model for benzene: Did not account for the unusual behaviour of benzene: the orbital overlap model: Cannot be represented by a single contributing structure. Neither single nor double bonds but rather something intermediate: the resonance energy of benzene: Resonance energy: the difference in energy between a resonance hybrid and its most stable hypothetical contributing structure: we can do this if we look at energy expenditure, e. g. Hydrogenation (under extreme condition needed for benzene: cyclohexene to cyclohexane is easy, benzene must be hydrogenated at very high temperatures. We expect the hydrogenation of benzene to be 3x the hydrogenation of cyclohexene but it is not! 9. 3 how are benzene compounds named and what are their properties: monosubstituted benzenes. Phenyl, benzyl, benzene and toluene: disubstituted benzenes, ortho (1,2, meta (1,3, para (1,4, polysubstituted benzenes: When there are three or more substituents present on the ring specified by numbers.

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