Psychology 3301F/G Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Premorbidity, Theory Of Multiple Intelligences, Structural Level
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11 Apr 2018
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Chapter 7: Assessment: Intellectual and Cognitive Measures
Intro
• Tests of intelligence and related cognitive abilities are among the psychometrically strongest tests that
psychologists have developed
Defining Intelligence
• Biet’s defiitio foused o ability related to scholastic/academic task
o Subsequent definitions have focused on the context of life more generally
• Wechsler: defined intelligence as a persons global capacity to act purposefully, to think in a rational
manner, and to deal effectively with their environment
• Devoted his career to the development of scales to assess a range of problem solving skills
• Assumed that these abilities were acquired through education and life experiences
Theories of Intelligence
• Categorize modes into three domains: factor models, hierarchical models and information processing
models
• Factors models involve two or more factors that are postulated to be at more or less same structural
level
• Hierarchical based on assumption that there are different levels of factors with the higher order or
primary factors composed of lower-order or secondary factors
• Info processing focus less on the organization and more on identification of processes
• Charles Spearman: earliest and most influential factor model of intelligence
o Proposes that all intellectual activities share a single common core, general factor, g factor
o Said also s factors, specific factors that are responsible for unique aspects
▪ Made up two factor theory model (g and s)
• Thurstone proposed group of factors known as primary mental abilities
o These are relatively distinct, overlap to a very small extent and this overlap that Thurstone
suggested as Speara’s g factor
o He also developed a measure of intelligence based on his model
• Cattell: believed that existing intelligence tests were too focused on verbal, school
o Two general factors of intelligence: crystallized and fluid
• Stererg’s triarhi theor: ioles three iterrelated eleets: opoetial, eperietial, ad
contextual
o Model suggests that consideration of all these elements is necessary to understand intelligence
• Seod ifo proessig theor, Garder’s theor of ultiple itelligees
o Less importance to g factor; multiple forms of intelligence
o Argued culturally unbiased assessment requires recognition of the full range of different types of
intelligence
• Earlier theories playing more of a role on g and later on info processing skills
Assessing intelligence: the clinical context
• Assessment of intelligence is often an integral component of a psychological assessment
• Common questions addressed by psychologists in such cases is whether the current level of functioning
represents a change from a previous level
• Premorbid IQ = intellectual functioning prior to accident or onset of decline
o Have developed some effective strategies for making these estimates
• Issues of possible changes in psychosocial functioning must be determined
• Use of multiple sources of data, including intellectual test results, is relatively standard for assessment
questions that involves possible alterations
• Cool used itelligee tests do’t tap the full rage of ailities that are iluded i oder theories
• Tend to focus on those abilities that are related to academic performance
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