Psychology 3301F/G Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: National Institutes Of Health, Parent Management Training, Sound Studies
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26 Apr 2018
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Chapter 13: Intervention: Children and Adolescents
Who is the Client in Psych Services for Children and Adolescents
• Psych services cant be imposed on a client
o Ifoed oset is euied; hild ad adol do’t efe theseles
• Childe ad outh do’t hae the esoues to seek, atted ad pa fo psh seies idepedetl
o Parents act as gatekeepers for psych services for their kids
• Whe teatet of hildhood odut poles did’t ath paets’ udestadig of the hild’s pole, paets ee
less likely to engage in treatment
• Parent-therapist alliance: related to participation in therapy, with those who reported stronger alliance participating more
in services and cancelling fewer sessions
• Youth-therapist alliance: reports of improvements in symptoms
o Means unless parents convinced therapy is helpful hard for youth to participate; unless young person engaged
with therapist limited change in symptoms
• Kids under 12 can receive psych services only with the consent of a parent/legal guardian (some jurisdictions no age
criterion)
• Psychologist must also be knowledgeable about consent laws about divorced parents
Landmarks in evolution of EB psych services for child/adol
• Progress lagged behind progress for adults
Do psych treatments for child/adol work
• Levitt: said no support for efficacy of child psychotherapy
• John Weisz, psychotherapy researcher: reasoned that if a treatment uses an artificial activity (like computer task) to train a
skill (paying attention) then its not fair to use a score on that same computer activity as a measure of treatment outcome
• Alan Kazdin: attention to troubling discrepancy between nature of psychotherapy research and nature of clinical practice
o Recommended that treatment researchers pay greater attention to characteristics of the child, parent, family or
therapist that might influence treatment outcome
• Review that meta analysis has offered explicit set of decision rules for synthesizing data from diverse studies and reporting
findings using a common metric
o Weighted least squares method: takes into account by assigning less weight in the meta analysis to studies with
greater error variance and more heavily weighting those with less error variance
Which treatments work for specific disorders
• Numerous efficacious psych treatments for various problems of childhood and adolescents they are not routinely offered in
standard care
• EB care consistently outperforms usual clinical care
o Evident among minority youth and among youth with most severe problems
• Wh does’t eeoe do EB the? Ostale / of effiaious teatments is that clinicians may be unaware of them
• Last 20 years efforts in different countries and across different disciplines to id the most helpful psych treatments for
childhood disorders
• Many of EB approaches are behavioural and CB
• Many of the efficacious treatments for children involve parents learning strategies to respond to their children behaviours
• Most effective treatments of childhood disorders fall under umbrella of behavioural, CB and interpersonal approaches
• Ethnic invariance implies that an EBT yields equivalent results for ethnic minority youth; ethnic disparity, on the other hand
implies that the treatment is not as powerful when applied to ethnic minority youth and therefore the treatment requires
adaption
• Teatet should’t e ejeted ee ee used i patiula populatio, o should pshologist assume that b/c it
worked w/ one sample it will be helpful in another
Clinical Practice Guidelines
• Oe of the ealiest ultidisiplia eie paels o hilde’s etal health as oeed i US Natioal Istitutes of
Health (NIH) to identify EBT of ADHD
o Resulted in the NIH consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD
• Practice guidelines are designed to help practitioners deliver services that are based on current research findings
Examples of EBT
Disruptive Behaviour disorders
• Most common reason for which adults refer children
• Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) reflects pattern of persistent negativistic and hostile behaviour that is usually evident
before 8
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