PS263 CH.2 Textbook Notes 01/21/2014
Chapter 2: Evolution, Genetics, and Experience
Zeitgeist: The general intellectual climate of our culture PS263 CH.2 Textbook Notes 01/21/2014
Thinking about the Biology of Behavior: Dichotomes to Interactions
Is it Physiological or Psychological?
Cartesian Dualism: Descarte’s philosophy
Sanctioned by the Roman Church
Brain and mind as separate entities became more accepted
Is it Inherited or Learned?
NatureNurture Issue: Debate on whether humans and animals inherit their behavior or acquire them
through learning
Ethology: The study of animal behavior in the wild
Instinctive Behaviors: Behaviors that occur in all like members of a species
Even when there seems to be no chance for them to have been learned
Problems
Physiological/Psychological Thinking Runs into Difficulty:
Nature/Nurture Thinking Runs into Difficulty:
Model of Biology of Behavior: PS263 CH.2 Textbook Notes 01/21/2014
Human Evolution
Evolve: Undergo gradual orderly change
Darwin presented 3 pieces of evidence to support that species evolve:
1. Evolution of fossil records through progressively more recent geological layers
2. Described striking similarities among living species
EXAMPLE: Human hand, cat paw, bird wing
Suggests ancestors
3. Points to changes brought about in domestic plants and animals by programs of selective breeding
Believes evolution occurs through natural selection
Natural Selection:
When repeated for several generations, leads to evolution of species that are better adapted to survive in
their particular environments
Fitness: Ability of an organism to survive and contribute its genes to the next generation
Evolution & Behavior
Social Domi
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