ENVS 1500 Chapter 4: ENVS 1500 Chapter 4 Notes

After roughly 15 years we have the first malaria vaccine going into phase 4 trials. Meanwhile a Zika vaccine is starting phase 2b trials, only 2-3 years after the first major outbreak in Brazil.

A) Discuss in some detail why it is so much more difficult to develop a vaccine for malaria than for e.g. the Zika or rubella virus. I am looking for at least 2 reasons, and a brief explanation of those reasons. Just stating that one is complex and the other simple is insufficient. If that is what you want to say, back it up with facts.

B) Both the CRISPR bacterial defense system and the adaptive immune system in mammals have means to recognize “signatures” of invading organisms. In what way are the two systems different?

Communication Assignment Accounting Information Systems Spring2017 Objective: This assignment’s objective is to familiarize youwith Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems and to assess yourwritten and oral communication skills. Due Date: Bring aword-processed version of your paper to the beginning of class onApril 10. Staple to it the Communication Portfolio Written ItemCover Sheet and the Written Communication Assessment Rubric (bothincluded below). Required: You are the controller of a company, andthe CFO has asked you to investigate Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP) Systems for your company and report back in memo form. To doso, take the following steps: 1. Read your textbook pages 35-38 andwatch the following video on Youtube.comhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YnlbJGSCjI, “Saylor BUS303: Introto ERP Systems” This video introduces ERP systems and is 22 minutesand 37 seconds long. 2. Visit two customer testimonial sites atSAP’s website: http://www.sap.com/customer-testimonials/a-z.html.Read over the materials and watch the videos if applicable. Emailme ([email protected]) with the two testimonials you pick. Youwill be able to use the testimonials on a first come basis.. 3.Prepare a typed memo to the CFO as follows-FOLLOW THIS FORMATEXACTLY: Pick a memo template in Word or Mac. Enter text by the“To, From, CC, Date, and Re” fields to be appropriate for theassignment. . Paragraph one: This is an opening paragraph thatshould tell the CFO what you are going to tell him/her—that is,what the next paragraphs are going to be about. (2-3 sentences)Paragraph two: This paragraph should explain the first companytestimonial. Please include: (i) The company’s name and a briefcompany background (2 sentences) (ii) One reason why the companygot the ERP system/module (2 sentences) (iii) One benefit of theERP system/module to the company (2-3 sentences) (iv) A secondbenefit of the ERP system/module to the company (2-3 sentences)Paragraph three: This paragraph should explain the second companytestimonial. Please include: (i) The company’s name and a briefcompany background (2 sentences) (ii) One reason why the companygot the ERP system/module (2 sentences) (iii) One benefit of theERP system/module to the company (2-3 sentences) (iv) A secondbenefit of the ERP system/module to the company (2-3 sentences)Paragraph four: This paragraph should explain one disadvantage ofERP systems to any company based on the disadvantages described inthe Youtube video you watched in step 1. (3-4 sentences) Paragraphfive: A summary of what you have said in the previous paragraphs (1sentence) and what you think the CFO should do next (2 sentences)All your explanations should be in your own words, and written sothat someone who is not familiar with ERP systems can understandyou. If there is something you do not understand on the websitesplease let me know and we can discuss it. You are not to use anyother resources but the video, the customer testimonial website,and your textbook—remember though that the disadvantage inparagraph four should be one that is mentioned in the You tubevideo.

Robatelli's Pizzeria Case StudyIntroduction On the morning of October 31st, Elaine Black, Chief Information Officer at Robatelli's Pizzeria, was waiting for both Jim Saxton, database administrator, and Peter Greyton, operations manager, to come to her office for a meeting. While waiting, Elaine was thinking about the surge of telephone and Internet orders expected to be received through the company's customer order center within the next 12 hours. Halloween had always been the most popular day of the year for people in the greater Pittsburgh area to order pizza from Robatelli's. There were 53 restaurant locations to serve these customers, but only one location to receive all of the orders and forward them to the right restaurant. Elaine's thoughts were interrupted as Jim and Peter entered her office. The following conversation took place: ELAINE Well, guys, it's here again, our biggest day of the year. Not only is Halloween a busy day, but we have the upcoming day after Thanksgiving, the week before Christmas, and Super Bowl Sunday. Can our current computer system's infrastructure and people keep pace with the orders we expect? JIM I think our systems are all running at peak performance. We shouldn't have any computer concerns for today or those other busy days. PETER Everyone in the customer order center is focused on making sure that our customers get their pizzas as ordered. We have plenty of people scheduled to work tonight, so we're good to go. ELAINE Terrific. But every time we face one of these peak sales days, I start wondering about the long-term capacity and effectiveness of our computer systems. Jim, we need to think long term about our computer system. I was just reading an article that I'd like you to take a look at. It's about Anheuser-Busch Companies and their use of data mining. JIM I do agree with you, Elaine; we should always be thinking about how newer IT systems can help us. Could you e-mail me the link to the article? ELAINE Sure, and I would like you to think about how we might use the same approach in our business. Peter, your order center people are doing a great job, but again there's something I'd like us to think about in the long run. As you know, we now have to manually enter all customer order center sales and store sales into our general ledger (GL). I think we could improve a lot of things if those sales are automatically fed into our GL software. Why don't you think about any advantages you see for an automatic interface, and we'll look at the costs compared to those advantages. How's that sound? PETER I'll do that. I'll give it some thought and work on a report about an automatic interface between our GL software and the point of sale systems in our restaurants as well as the phone and Internet sales. How soon do you want to meet again to look at these issues? ELAINE Let's say, in two weeks at the same time. As Jim and Peter left her office, Elaine continued to think about the features of the company's accounting information systems and whether or not data extracted from these systems could facilitate the multiple needs of the company. The focus had always been on providing accurate financial accounting information from the various locations; however, the company's aggressive growth strategies meant increased emphasis on the system's ability to analyze detailed customer information that could be translated into increased sales opportunities. Elaine knew the challenges they faced could very well affect the company's ability to maintain its competitive advantage. She realized that her department must continually improve the company's information systems to help it achieve growth strategies. Operating state-of-the-art systems was imperative to position the company to execute those growth plans. However, she was concerned about the possibility that restrictions of the current information systems could actually prevent the company from doing what it wanted to do. Allowing restrictive systems to prevent them from achieving business strategies was a risk that Elaine would not tolerate!

Review the Robatelli's Pizzeria Case Study.

Develop an internal controls system in Robatelli's Pizzeria sales and cash business areas.

Prepare a 12- to 16-slide presentation describing the typical activities and outlining an effective system of internal controls for the Sales, Sales Returns, and Cash Collections business areas. Include any associated risks in these areas.

Describe specific internal controls that include authorization of transactions, segregation of duties, adequate records and documentation, security of assets, and independent checks and reconciliation for each business area.