PSYC 1010 Chapter 11: PSYC 1010 Chapter 11 Notes
20 May 2018
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PSYC 1010 Chapter 11 Notes
Introduction
Intelligence Test
• On intelligence tests taken at age 8, those nourished with breast milk scored
significantly higher than those who were formula-fed.
• Breast was best. No single experiment is conclusive, of course.
• But randomly assigning participants to one feeding group or the other effectively
eliminated all factors except nutrition.
• This supported the conclusion that for developing intelligence, breast is indeed best.
• If test performance changes when we vary infant nutrition, then we infer that nutrition
matters.
• The point to remember: Unlike correlational studies, which uncover naturally occurring
relationships, an experiment manipulates a factor to determine its effect.
• Consider, then, how we might assess therapeutic interventions.
• Our tendency to seek new remedies when we are ill or emotionally down can produce
misleading testimonies.
• If three days into a cold we start taking vitamin C tablets and find our cold symptoms
lessening, we may credit the pills rather than the cold naturally subsiding.
• In the 1700s, bloodletting seemed effective.
• People sometimes improved after the treatment
• When they didn’t, the pratitioner inferred the disease as too adaned to e
reversed.
• So, whether or not a remedy is truly effective, enthusiastic users will probably endorse
it.
• To determine its effect, we must control for other factors.
• And that is precisely how investigators evaluate new drug treatments and new methods
of psychological therapy.
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