BIOL 112 Chapter Notes - Chapter 24: Reverse Transcriptase, Retrovirus, Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy

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grayreindeer625

19 Mar 2018

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Characteristics of life: complex organization: composed of cells, use of energy (metabolism: chemical processes in organisms, homeostasis: use of energy to maintain a steady state, response to stimuli, growth and development, reproduction. Pro : means before: prophage may become a phage again and destroy cells, lysogenic cells -bacterial cells that carry prophages. Lysogenic conversion bacterial cells containing certain temperate viruses exhibit new properties i. e. virus has invaded and changed the cell dna! Animal viruses: enter animal cells by membrane fusion or endocytosis, viral nucleic acid replicated in host, endocytosis: host cell actually actively envelopes the virus. virus is surrounded by an extra membrane from the cell. Plant viruses: mostly rna viruses, spread among plants by insect vectors the viruses need help to get past thick cell walls of plants, spread through plant via plasmodesmata, generally reduce plant productivity but sometimes nearly harmless.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1: The rabies virus primarily affects the nervous system. The specificity that the rabies virus has for neuronal host cells is primarily dictated by __________________________.

A. the helical shape of its viral capsid

B. the type of nucleic acid used for its viral genome (single-stranded, antisense RNA)

C. the spikes that protrude from its viral envelope

D. the segmented nature of its viral genome

QUESTION 2: Which of the following genome types has been observed in viruses? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.

A. Single-stranded RNA

B. Single-stranded DNA

C. Double-stranded RNA

D. Protein-based

QUESTION 3: Choose the correct statement about viral evolution.

A. RNA and DNA viral genomes evolve at equal rates.

B. Cellular genomes mutate at a faster rate than viral genomes due to their large size and increased chance of replicative mistakes.

C. DNA viruses mutate faster than RNA viruses because thymine is more susceptible to mutation than uracil.

D. RNA viruses mutate faster than DNA viruses due to a lack of proofreading replicative enzymes.

QUESTION 4: Your elderly patient is affected by shingles. After careful observation, you note that the virus responsible for the infection has an icosahedral capsid, is enveloped, and has double-stranded linear DNA as its genetic material. Based on this information, in which of the following viral families would you group this viral pathogen?

QUESTION 5: Which of the following is a key difference between lytic and lysogenic bacteriophage replication cycles?

A. Lysogenic bacteriophages release via host cell lysis, whereas lytic bacteriophages bud off from the host cell membrane.

B. The lytic replication cycle ends with host cell lysis and release of newly formed bacteriophage particles, whereas lysogenic replication leads to prophage formation.

C. Lytic replication requires an uncoating step, whereas in lysogenic replication, the bacteriophage's nucleic acid is directly injected into the host cell.

D. Whereas lytic replication enables the infection of several hosts, lysogenic replication only allows for infection of a single host cell.

QUESTION 6: Which of the following is an unsuitable culture method for an animal virus?

A. Direct inoculation of virus onto blood agar

B. Live animal inoculation

C. Tissue culture method

D. Injection of virus into embryonated eggs

BIOL 112 Chapter Notes - Chapter 24: Reverse Transcriptase, Retrovirus, Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy

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