HUMA 205 Chapter 1: Chapter 1 Note part 3
142. All agree on the superior quality of Roman roads, sewers, and aqueducts; Roman sculpture or
drama has in general been less highly rated, mainly because of comparisons to that of the Greeks.
143. In due course, the cultural achievement of Classical Greece was absorbed and reborn in Rome, as
Chapter 4 will show.
144. In 499 bce the Greek cities of western Asia, established more than a century earlier, rebelled
against their Persian rulers; the Athenians sent help.
145. When Octavian took supreme control after the Battle of Actium, Rome had been continuously
involved in both civil and external wars for the better part of a century.
146. By the time of Classical Greece, no evidence whatsoever for the existence of the Palace of Minos
or the other cities could be seen.
147. Greece was made into a Roman province, and its subsequent history followed that of the Roman
Empire.
148. The fi rst, the years from 479 to 404 bce, saw the growth of Athenian power and the consequent
mistrust on the part of the rest of the Greek world of Athens’ intentions.
149. 4.7]. From the founding of the Roman Republic to its bloody end in the civil wars following the
murder of Julius Caesar (44 bce), its history was dominated by agitation for political equality.
150. The fi rst major target of Roman aggression was the city of Carthage, founded by the Phoenicians
around 800 bce, and by the third century the independent ruler of territories in North Africa, Spain,
and Sicily.
151. As in the case of sculpture, Egyptian models played an important part in the early development of
the Greek style.
152. The Parthenon and the Propylaea were completed in an atmosphere made increasingly tense by
the deteriorating relations between Athens and the other leading Greek states, particularly Corinth
and Sparta.
153. For the fi rst two centuries the Greeks had little contact with other peoples, but around 800 bce,
Greek travelers and merchants began to explore throughout the Mediterranean.
154. 4.2]. Nonetheless, for the Romans music certainly had none of the intellectual and philosophical
signifi cance it bore for the Greeks, and when Roman writers mention musical performances, it is
often to complain about the noise.
155. Greek fresco painting of the period has been entirely lost, although recent dis- .
156. THE VISUAL ARTS AT CORINTH AND ATHENS Diff erent Greek cities reacted to Oriental infl
uences in diff erent ways, although all were strongly infl uenced.
157. The rapid spread of Christianity in the fourth century ce was a result of the decision by the
Roman emperors to adopt it as the offi cial religion of the Roman Empire.
158. CHAPTER 2 Early Greece The end of the sixth century bce marks a major development in vase
painting with the introduction of the new red-fi gure style.
159. CHAPTER 3 Classical Greece and the Hellenistic Period balance.
160. Thereafter Aristotle’s works were lost and not recovered until the fi rst century bce, when they
were used by the Roman statesman and thinker Cicero (106–43 bce).
161. In many of these structures, builders continued to experiment with new techniques of
construction, and architectural principles developed in Rome were applied throughout the Roman
Empire.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
162. Yet, however much literature and philosophy could do to maintain the importance of Greek
culture, Hellenistic rulers turned primarily to the visual arts.
163. In 431 bce the Peloponnesian War erupted, with Athens and her few remaining allies on one side
and the remaining Greek world on the other.
164. Countless poets and novelists of the nineteenth century either set episodes in the excavations at
Pompeii or tried to imagine what life there was like in Roman times.
165. The political and cultural institutions of Roman life were beyond repair, the economy was
wrecked, and large areas of Italy were in complete turmoil.
166. 83 The chief turning point in the long course of Roman history came in 31 BCE, with the fi nal
collapse of the Roman Republic, and its replacement by an Imperial system of government.
167. So rare was such an event (no other example of a divine and human marriage is recorded in Greek
mythology) that all of the gods came to the ceremony.
168. Furthermore, even before Alexander’s death, the Macedonian Empire had spread Greek culture
throughout the Mediterranean world.
169. At the same time, a system of covered street drains was built, eliminating the open sewers that
had been usual before Roman times.
170. 20 View of a Garden, fresco from Augustus’s villa, Prima Porta 13–9 Ara pacis Decline of realism
324–330 Colossal head from Basilica of Constantine, Rome ART DISINTEGRATION
RECONSTRUCTION & DECLINE 753 BCE 509 133 31 180 284 CE 476 BCE CE legacy that Rome was
to pass on to Western civilization had been inherited from its predecessors.
171. Socrates was born around 469 bce, the son of a sculptor and a midwife; in later life he claimed to
have followed his mother’s profession in being a “midwife to ideas.” He seems first to have been
interested in natural science, but soon turned to the problems of human behavior and morality.
172. 775 First Greek colony in Italy founded at Pithekoussai 750–600 Greeks found colonies
throughout Mediterranean, from Egypt to Black Sea c.
173. This portrait of one of the leading fi gures of the late Republic suggests the ability of Roman
sculptors of the period to capture both likeness and character.
174. CHAPTER 3 Classical Greece and the Hellenistic Period .
175. CHAPTER 3 Classical Greece and the Hellenistic Period bay.
176. CHAPTER 3 Classical Greece and the Hellenistic Period .
177. Although serious music began to grow in popularity with the spread of Greek culture, it always
remained an aristocratic rather than a popular taste.
178. These ambiguities appear in his best known play, Oedipus the King, which has stood ever since
Classical times as a symbol of Greek tragic drama.
179. The continued worship of these goddesses, which was to last under diff erent guises for centuries,
represents a reverence for female creative power that is one of the oldest legacies from the period
before our culture began—we saw it as far back as the Paleolithic period—and perhaps one of the
most signifi cant.
180. If you could return in time to visit one of the peoples described in the chapter, which would you
choose and why? Visit the Culture & Values Companion website at Values7E and the Humanities
Resource Center for an array of primary source readings, key terms with pronunciations, fl ash cards,
quizzes, and study materials designed especially to help you do well in this course.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
All agree on the superior quality of roman roads, sewers, and aqueducts; roman sculpture or drama has in general been less highly rated, mainly because of comparisons to that of the greeks. In due course, the cultural achievement of classical greece was absorbed and reborn in rome, as. The fi rst, the years from 479 to 404 bce, saw the growth of athenian power and the consequent mistrust on the part of the rest of the greek world of athens" intentions. From the founding of the roman republic to its bloody end in the civil wars following the murder of julius caesar (44 bce), its history was dominated by agitation for political equality. The parthenon and the propylaea were completed in an atmosphere made increasingly tense by the deteriorating relations between athens and the other leading greek states, particularly corinth and sparta. For the fi rst two centuries the greeks had little contact with other peoples, but around 800 bce,
