HUMA 205 Chapter 1: Chapter 1 Note part 10
833. A vast network of pipes brought millions of gallons of water a day into Rome, distributing it to
public fountains and baths and to the private villas of the wealthy.
834. C H A P T E R 4 The Roman Legacy .
835. Odysseus’s journey, which takes ten years, is filled with adventures involving one-eyed giants,
monsters of various kinds, a seductive enchantress, a romantic young girl, a floating island, a trip to
the underworld, and many other fairytale elements.
836. With starch as the basic fi ller, the Greeks added a wide variety of accompaniments: beans and
lentils, C H A P T E R 2 Early Greece .
837. If horses and cows had hands and could draw, they would draw gods looking like horses and cows,
wrote Xenophanes of Colophon in the second half of the sixth century bce.
838. He left his home city for political reasons and settled in southern Italy, where he founded a school
of his own.
839. From a Roman villa in Nennig near Trier, Germany.
840. Although only slightly younger than Sophocles, Euripides expresses all the weariness and
disillusion of the war-torn years at the end of the fifth century bce.
841. The long search conducted by Howard Carter in the Valley of the Kings that culminated in the
opening of the inner chamber of the sealed tomb of Tutankhamen on February 17, 1923, and the
discovery of the intact sarcophagus of the king has become part of history [Figs.
842. By the time Justinian produced his codifi cation, he was able to draw on a thousand years of
practical wisdom.
843. Egyptian Museum, Cairo, Egypt//© François Guenet/Art Resource, NY By the close of the New
Kingdom, the taste for monumental building had returned.
844. 450–385 bce), the greatest comic poet of fi fth-century-bce Athens, deal with the same theme.
845. For He tolerates pride in none but Himself.” Modern readers, however, less infl uenced by
Herodotus’s religious beliefs, will be more inclined to draw a political message from the Persian
defeat.
846. The heroic verse of Homer was intended for the ruling class of an aristocratic society, which had
the leisure and the inclination to hear of the great and not-so-great deeds of great men and who were
interested in the problems of mighty leaders like Agamemnon and Achilles.
847. 87 to become the future imperial city of Rome.
848. The Philosophy of Epicurus Epicureanism never really gained many followers, despite the efforts
of the poet Lucretius (99–55 bce), who described its doctrines in his brilliant poem On the Nature of
Things (De Rerum Natura).
849. THE EVIDENCE OF POMPEII The fi rst and second centuries ce are probably the
bestdocumented times in the whole of classical antiquity.
850. Greek art frequently uses the sphinx as a motif, and it also appears in Greek mythology, most .
851. In 490 bce he led a massive army to Greece; to everyone’s surprise, the Persians were defeated by
the Athenians at the Battle of Marathon.
852. 500 bce), whose cryptic pronouncements won him the label “the Obscure.” He summed up the
unpredictable, and therefore unknowable, quality of Nature in the well-known saying, “It is not
possible to step twice into the same river.” Unlike his predecessors, who had tried to understand the
fundamental nature of matter, Heraclitus thus drew attention instead to the process whereby matter
changed.
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853. From the Temple Repository, Palace at Knossos (Crete), Greece.
854. The drama and violence of the battle fi nd perfect expression in the tangled, writhing bodies,
which leap out of the frieze in high relief, and in the intensity of the gestures and facial expressions
[Fig.
855. In the four years during which he ruled Rome, he did much to repair the damage of the previous
decades.
856. Plato was present at the trial of Socrates, whose speech in his own defense Plato records in the
Apology, one of three works that describe Socrates’ last days.
857. After a short but bitter conflict, Caesar defeated Pompey in 48 bce at the Battle of Pharsalus and
returned to Rome as dictator, only to be assassinated in 44 bce.
858. CYCLADIC ART During most of the Bronze Age, the major centers of Aegean culture were on
Crete or the mainland, but in the early phase there were settlements on a group of islands of the
central Aegean, the Cyclades.
859. the period was public, commissioned by the state, and served state purposes.
860. Ägyptisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany//© Bildarchiv Preussischer
Kulturbesitz/Art Resource, NY Ancient Egypt .
861. The Greeks painted important parts of their stone statues; traces of paint show here.
862. The short, untidy hair and details of the musculature are typical of the Early Classical Period—so
is the contrast between the physical tension and the calm facial expression.
863. CHAPTER 1 The Beginnings of Civilization sculpture, for example, disappeared in the unsettled
conditions of the Middle Kingdom.
864. Greece itself, however, was basically an agricultural society, and most cities viewed farming and
its products as of the highest importance to the whole community.
865. His mixed feelings are well expressed in a letter to his friend Republican Rome (509–31 BCE) .
866. The various schools were united principally by their use of logic and theoretical reasoning to solve
practical questions about the world and human existence.
867. Mesopotamian culture lacked the unity of Egyptian life: A series of diff erent peoples had their
own languages, religions, and customs.
868. From Greek Sicily.
869. Aristotle, Plato’s younger contemporary, also wrote on political theory as well as on a host of
other topics.
870. As in the case of other Mycenaean centers, the actual location was chosen for its defensibility [Fig.
871. Almost all of them, however, share one feature that often disturbs the modern viewer: the famous
“archaic smile.” This facial expression, which to our eyes may seem more like a grimace, has been
explained in several ways.
872. Two of the principal fi gures who dominated those events also made important contributions to
Republican literature.
873. Unfortunately, the Romans had been too busy acquiring their empire to think very hard about
how to rule it; the results were frequently chaotic.
874. In general, tradition ascribed the epics to a blind poet called Homer; almost every city worthy of
the name claimed to be his birthplace.
875. Libraries were built at Pergamum and the Syrian capital of Antioch, and philosophers from
Greece were encouraged to visit the new centers of learning and lecture there.
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Document Summary
A vast network of pipes brought millions of gallons of water a day into rome, distributing it to public fountains and baths and to the private villas of the wealthy. From a roman villa in nennig near trier, germany: although only slightly younger than sophocles, euripides expresses all the weariness and disillusion of the war-torn years at the end of the fifth century bce. By the time justinian produced his codifi cation, he was able to draw on a thousand years of practical wisdom. Egyptian museum, cairo, egypt// fran ois guenet/art resource, ny by the close of the new. Kingdom, the taste for monumental building had returned. 450 385 bce), the greatest comic poet of fi fth-century-bce athens, deal with the same theme. For he tolerates pride in none but himself. modern readers, however, less infl uenced by. Herodotus"s religious beliefs, will be more inclined to draw a political message from the persian defeat.
