BIOL BC 1500x Chapter 45.1-45.3: Biology: The Dynamic Science, 4th edition. Peter Russell, Paul E. Hertz, and Beverly McMillan

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Immune system: evolutionary mechanisms of the body to protect an organism from foreign invaders. Three lines work together to prevent infection : physical barriers, innate immune system, adaptive immune system. First line: adaptations of epithelial surfaces (skin and interior linings of cavities) tight cell junctions mucus ciliated cells. Lysozyme: enzyme, breaks down bacterial wall healthy microorganisms. Most originate in bone marrow, go to blood. Lymphocytes: bone marrow => thymus (reach maturity) => blood and lymphatic system. Monocytes: changes to macrophage when released to damaged tissue. Lymphocytes: natural killer cells, b cells, plasma cells, helper t cells, cytotoxic cells. Innate immunity works to protect body until the adaptive immunity kicks in. Toll-like receptors: type of pattern recognition receptor on phagocytes that recognizes pathogen as non-self and triggers immune response defensins: antimicrobial peptides, attack pathogen membranes. Inflammation: causes tissue to be hot, red, swollen, and painful.

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