BIOL BC 1500x Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Evolution, Natural Selection, Decomposer

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limeeel243

9 Sep 2016

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Chapter 1: introduction to biological concept and research. Levels of organization: molecules -> cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems -> organism - > population -> community -> ecosystem -> biosphere. Group of specialized molecules enclosed by a membrane. Lowest level of life able to survive and reproduce. Emergent property: characteristic that appears at a certain level of organization and not below it. Population: organisms of same kind living together (same location) Community: combination of all populations in one location. Connection between genetic information and function and structure of an organism. Dna: most important molecule that separates biotic factors from abiotic factors. Nucleotides: units on strands of dna (a, t, g, and c) Nucleotide sequences on genes governs the building of rna and proteins in the process gene expression: transcription: mrna carries information (copy of nucleotide sequence in dna) to. Rna: translation: amino acid chain is formed using information of mrna in the ribosomes.

Related Questions

It's a quiz for my life science class.

QUESTION 1

Organisms that have descended from the same initial group and have the ability to interbreed belong to the same

	A.	species.
	B.	family.
	C.	class.
	D.	genus.
	E.	order.

5 points

QUESTION 2

The simplest entity that exhibits all of the properties of life is called a(n)

	A.	molecule.
	B.	cell.
	C.	organism.
	D.	tissue.

5 points

QUESTION 3

In populations, adaptation usually arises through

	A.	responsiveness.
	B.	heredity.
	C.	metabolism.
	D.	natural selection.
	E.	development.

5 points

QUESTION 4

Scientists have found that ancient fossils

	A.	are less similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	B.	are just as similar to present-day organisms as more recent fossils.
	C.	are more similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	D.	are very similar to present-day organisms.
	E.	bear no resemblance to present-day organisms.

5 points

QUESTION 5

What is the term that describes the study of the relationship between living things and components of their environment?

	A.	herpetology
	B.	analogy
	C.	zoology
	D.	ecology
	E.	ichnology

5 points

QUESTION 6

Characteristics usually associated with life include all of the following except:

	A.	motility.
	B.	a high degree of organization.
	C.	lack of change from generation to generation.
	D.	reproduction.
	E.	responsiveness to stimuli.

5 points

QUESTION 7

The scientific name for the black-footed ferret is Mustela nigripes. The name Mustela indicates the _____________________ to which the organisms belongs.

	A.	phylum
	B.	class
	C.	family
	D.	species
	E.	genus

5 points

QUESTION 8

Which of the following is considered to be the most basic living unit?

	A.	organ system
	B.	molecule
	C.	organelle
	D.	cell
	E.	tissue

5 points

QUESTION 9

Which of the following concepts best describes the wide variety of dog species we observe, ranging from the domesticated golden retriever or the basset hound, to the wild dogs of Africa, to foxes?

	A.	preadaptation
	B.	special creation
	C.	inheritance of acquired characteristics.
	D.	taxonomy
	E.	evolution

5 points

QUESTION 10

If an ecologist is studying the cycling of carbon through a particular environment (which involes the movement of carbon through living things as well as through rock, air, and water), the scientist is studying at what level of ecology?

	A.	organismal
	B.	community
	C.	ecosystem
	D.	population
	E.	biosphere

5 points

QUESTION 11

Which list is organized from smallest to largest level of organization of life?

	A.	organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles
	B.	organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
	C.	organelles, tissues, cells, organ systems, organs, organisms
	D.	tissues, cells, organelles, organs, organ systems, organisms
	E.	cells, tissues, organ systems, organelles, organs, organisms

5 points

QUESTION 12

When examining the hierarchy of life, which of the following terms is most inclusive?

	A.	biosphere
	B.	population
	C.	species
	D.	ecosystem

5 points

QUESTION 13

The units of inheritance are

	A.	evolutions.
	B.	heredities.
	C.	genes
	D.	twins.
	E.	metabolic activities.

5 points

QUESTION 14

Organisms that undergo asexual reproduction

	A.	require another organism to reproduce.
	B.	are usually very complex.
	C.	produce offspring that are different from each other.
	D.	do not require energy to reproduce.
	E.	produce offspring that are identical to each other and to the parent.

5 points

QUESTION 15

All the living organisms in a particular area at a particular time make up a

	A.	biosphere.
	B.	community.
	C.	biosystem.
	D.	population.
	E.	ecosystem.

5 points

QUESTION 16

The first step in the scientific method is to

	A.	identify a problem.
	B.	predict the results of an experiment.
	C.	propose a solution.
	D.	draw a conclusion.
	E.	perform an experiment.

5 points

QUESTION 17

Young multicelled organisms usually start out small, then grow in size, and increase in complexity. This process is called:

	A.	heredity.
	B.	metabolism.
	C.	development.
	D.	evolution.
	E.	heredity.

5 points

QUESTION 18

To maintain order within their cells and organs, all living things must

	A.	carry on metabolism.
	B.	reproduce.
	C.	constantly change.
	D.	be able to move.
	E.	extract energy from sunlight.

5 points

QUESTION 19

Which of the following includes Highest levels of hierarchy?

	A.	family
	B.	phylum
	C.	domain
	D.	kingdom
	E.	order

5 points

QUESTION 20

Fungi are classified into which domain?

	A.	Archaea
	B.	Eukarya
	C.	Bacteria
	D.	Fungi

erinhare264

1. Water's molecular structure of water gives rise to 4 emergent properties that facilitate life on earth. Explain how the molecular structure of water contributes to each of these properties.

Explain why the structure of carbon makes it an excellent backbone for the molecules that compose living organisms.

2. Explain how water is involved in the synthesis and breakdown of biological macromolecules. in your answer, make sure to discuss the reactions that join and break apart monomers and why water is related to these processes.

Saturated and unsaturated fats have different fluidities at room temperature. Explain why this occurs.

Use the structural differences discussed in part 1 to explain why one type of fat can harm the cardiovascular system while the other has little negative effects.

Given that starch and cellulose are both made from the same monomer, why do you think that cellulose is so much more difficult for animal digestive systems to break down?

Most living organisms are extremely sensitive to changes in temperature and pH.

Use your knowledge of protein structure and the bonds involved to explain this sensitivity. make sure to be specific about levels of structure and bonds that are disrupted when temperature or pH change significantly.

Some living organisms such as gut microorganisms able to survive in environments with extreme pHs. What kind of modifications may they have in the amino acid composition of their proteins that facilitate their adaptation to this environment?

3. Explain how the internal structure of a cell isolated from the pancreas differs from that of a muscle cell.,

Compare the structures of animal and plant cells. How are they different? how are they the same?

Edema is a medical condition that results from fluid leaking out of blood vessels into surrounding tissues. using your knowledge of animal cell junctions, hypothesize what type of junction may be malfunctioning in individuals suffering from edema and explain why you believe your hypothesis to be correct.

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BIOL BC 1500x Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Evolution, Natural Selection, Decomposer

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