INTEGBI 169 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Cisplatin, International Association For Cryptologic Research, Short-Chain Fatty Acid
5 Jun 2018
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TOPIC 11: EVOLUTIONARY PATHWAYS TO CANCER
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Evolutionary Pathways to Disease and/or Health:
○ An evolutionary mismatched or novel environment
○ Outcomes of demographic history
○ Outcomes of cultural history
○ Outcome of evolutionary constraints.
○ Sexual selection
○ Life-history and/or developmental associated factors
○ Antagonistic pleiotropy.
○ Heterozygote advantage.
○ Post-reproductive manifestation of deleterious allele
○ Spontaneous mutations
○ Exaptation
○ Excessive and uncontrolled defense mechanisms
○ Fighting the evolutionary arms race with microbes
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Cancer Evolutionary Pathways:
○ Evolutionary mismatched and novel environments
○ Evolutionary arms race with microbes
○ Demographic history
○ Cultural evolution
○ Life history traits
○ Post-reproductive manifestation of deleterious allele
○ Antagonistic pleiotropy
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Evolutionary Perspectives & Cancer:
○ Neoplasia =uncontrolled cell replication with clonal expansion of a cell
population and to its migration (metastasis) from source to elsewhere in the
body.
○ Neoplasia/cancer causes about 1/3rd of the deaths in the USA.
○ Neoplasia is not a single disease entity.
○ There are many pathways to that can lead to
○ neoplasia.
○ While some cancers can be traced to a single initiating event (e.g., asbestos
induced mesothelioma), most cancers do not have a singular cause.
Document Summary
Fighting the evolutionary arms race with microbes. Neoplasia =uncontrolled cell replication with clonal expansion of a cell population and to its migration (metastasis) from source to elsewhere in the body. Neoplasia/cancer causes about 1/3rd of the deaths in the usa. Neoplasia is not a single disease entity. There are many pathways to that can lead to. While some cancers can be traced to a single initiating event (e. g. , asbestos induced mesothelioma), most cancers do not have a singular cause. Clonal expansion can be interpreted as a situation where one cell lineage is proliferating at a cost to other cells in the body. The cancer cell lineage is distinguished by having the capacity to override the normal processes regulating its growth, and its cells are effectively selected for this advantage, which enables them to develop unregulated cell replication and autonomy. Somatic mutations induced in the clone give a particular lineage of cells a replicative advantage.
