INTEGBI 169 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10: Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, Hygiene Hypothesis, Streptococcus
5 Jun 2018
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○ Oligosaccharides are found in breast milk in high quantities and varieties,
appear to act as metabolic substrates to encourage the growth of beneficial
commensal microbes and enhance immune function.
○ Infants who are breast fed have a different gut flora than bottle fed babies
○ Bottle fed babies are more prone to get diarrhea.
●
Transgenerational Passage of Acquired Immune Characteristics:
○ Across Placenta
■ Molecules larger than 500 molecular weight will not pass through the
placenta from the mother’s blood to the fetal blood.
■ However, late in pregnancy, large protein maternal antibodies are
actively pumped into fetal circulation by placental cells.
○ In Breast Milk
■ The first milk, colostrum, produced by the mother contains interferon
that inhibits viral growth.
■ IgA antibodies are rich in breast milk and confer a considerable degree
of passive immunity for the baby.
■ Mom produces IgA based on organisms she has encountered.
■ Fortunately, this IgA mom transfers to the infant does not harm the
infant’s commensal intestinal flora but rather protects infant against
pathogens.
■ Oligosaccharides in human breast milk bind to pathogenic bacteria in the
gut making them more likely to be destroyed by antibodies and
macrophages.
■ Lactoferrin interferes with bacterial iron metabolism.
■ Bifidus factor promotes the growth of the beneficial commensal,
Lactobacillus bifidus.
■ Fibronectin makes macrophages more aggressive.
■ Breast milk also contains macrophages and antibody-producing
leukocytes whose specificity is tuned by exposure of the mother.
■ Breast milk immunoglobulins remain active in the infants gut for several
weeks, allowing time for the infants immune system to mature.
● Dysregulation of the Immune System
○ Developmental Regulation of Immunity
■ An early effect of malnutrition in children is suppression of immune
function.
Document Summary
Oligosaccharides are found in breast milk in high quantities and varieties, appear to act as metabolic substrates to encourage the growth of beneficial commensal microbes and enhance immune function. Infants who are breast fed have a different gut flora than bottle fed babies. Bottle fed babies are more prone to get diarrhea. Molecules larger than 500 molecular weight will not pass through the placenta from the mother"s blood to the fetal blood. However, late in pregnancy, large protein maternal antibodies are actively pumped into fetal circulation by placental cells. The first milk, colostrum, produced by the mother contains interferon that inhibits viral growth. Iga antibodies are rich in breast milk and confer a considerable degree of passive immunity for the baby. Mom produces iga based on organisms she has encountered. Fortunately, this iga mom transfers to the infant does not harm the infant"s commensal intestinal flora but rather protects infant against pathogens.
