BIOL 2040 Chapter Notes - Chapter 15: Noncoding Dna, Dna Profiling, Genetic Testing
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15. 1 genotype and ~mutations result in genetic variation phenotype. ~polymorphism- genetic difference among individuals that is sufficiently common. ~genotype-by-environment interaction- (smoking and emphysema example) a phenotype is the result of an interplay between genes and the environment many mutations protect against disease and allow us to be better adapted to environments. 15. 2 genetic variation ~differences in noncoding dna and individual uniqueness areas of the genome ~dna fingerprint- aka dna typing are useful in dna typing ~gel electrophoresis- allows us to compare the bands of dna. Add or remove that are 4-6 nucleotides long. Restriction sites in ~vntr- restriction fragments are different lengths. The dna because of variable repeats between sites. ~rflp- different lengths because the restriction site is removed. ~variation in copy number of regions of dna variation single nucleotide. ~differences among individuals in the number of copies of a region of the genome, large and may include multiple genes.