CAS BI 315 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Interstitial Lung Disease, Asthma, Medulla Oblongata
1 Jul 2018
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Lab 8: Metabolism and Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
I. Metabolic rate - all chem rxns occurring in all cells of the body at given time
A. Anabolic - synthesis of complex from simple
B. Catabolic - breakdown of complex to simple
C. Total energy expenditure = external work (movement from skeletal muscle) +
internal heat (all other work) + energy stored in fat/muscle
II. Why is shivering both learned response and reflex? (neural pathways)
A. The first muscle change in response to a decrease in core body
temperature is a gradual and general increase in skeletal muscle
contraction. This may lead to shivering, which consists of oscillating,
rhythmic muscle contractions and relaxations occurring at a rapid rate.
During shivering, the efferent motor nerves to the skeletal muscles are
influenced by descending pathways under the primary control of the
hypothalamus. Because almost no external work is performed by shivering,
most of the energy liberated by the metabolic machinery appears as
internal heat, a process known as shivering thermogenesis. (from
textbook)
III. Starts with 40% carb to 100% when full activity - use proteins with intense activity but not
good
IV. Calorie - quantity of heat to raise temp of 1 g of water by 1 degree C
A. Use kilocalorie
B. Direct calorimetry - put person in insulated container full of water
C. Indirect calorimetry - measure metabolism with spirometer (measure volumes
of air entering and exiting the lung) and a gas analyzer (measures concentrations
of o2 and co2 respired while subject is at rest) - helps calc VO2 (vol o2
consumed)
V. Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) - determined by measuring rate of o2 utilization by
body, converting to amount of heat produced and factoring in body surface area (BSA)
A. Average balanced diet releases 4.86 kcal energy per L of o2
B. Best RMR (+/- 10% is healthy RMR)
B.1. No food 12 hrs
B.2. Physically mentally relaxed
B.3. Room temp 60-85 F
VI. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) - more strict- “metabolic cost of living”
A. Avoid food and drugs 24 hrs
B. Sleep
C. Minimize stress
VII. Tidal volume (TV) - V air expired or inspired w normal breath
A. Controlled by Hering-Breuer reflex via activation of stretch receptors during
large inhalation
B. Reflex mediated by arterial blood pH
VIII. Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) - extra air that can be forced in(involved voluntary
contraction)
IX. Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) - extra air that can be forced out (involved voluntary
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Document Summary
Why is shivering both learned response and reflex? (neural pathways: the first muscle change in response to a decrease in core body temperature is a gradual and general increase in skeletal muscle contraction. This may lead to shivering, which consists of oscillating, rhythmic muscle contractions and relaxations occurring at a rapid rate. During shivering, the efferent motor nerves to the skeletal muscles are influenced by descending pathways under the primary control of the hypothalamus. Because almost no external work is performed by shivering, most of the energy liberated by the metabolic machinery appears as internal heat, a process known as shivering thermogenesis. (from textbook) Starts with 40% carb to 100% when full activity - use proteins with intense activity but not good. Calorie - quantity of heat to raise temp of 1 g of water by 1 degree c: use kilocalorie, direct calorimetry - put person in insulated container full of water.
