BIO 12 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Protonema, Gametophyte, Sporophyte

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In the ordovician period (about 475 million years ago) the first terrestrial plants arose among which were the three lineages that are commonly known as bryophytes, the first being branched from ancestral algae. Later, in the devonian (approximately 450 million years ago), the first vascular plants without seeds emerged, which were diversified in later periods. The seedless vascular plants that currently exist are lycopodia and psilotophytes, horsetails or horsetails and ferns. All these plants mentioned above have in common that they lack flowers, specialized structures that group the parties involved in sexual reproduction, unlike gymnosperms and angiosperms. They are plants without very small flowers. They need water so that the male gametes reach the ovocell. They are usually found in very humid environments. They absorb water through the surface of their body. They are the first plants without colonizing flowers of the land without vegetation. They present organs analogous to the leaves, roots and stems of the upper plants.

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