MU 335 Chapter Notes - Chapter 23-28: Philosophes, Character Piece, Robert Schumann
Document Summary
Galant style- music that was natural, expressive, and immediately appealing to a wide variety of listeners. Because the 18th century was very cosmopolitan, internaional musical styles developed and opera was growing in the vernacular instead of just italian. The enlightenment focused on reason, nature, and progress: french philosophes were among the principal contributors to denis diderot"s monumental encyclopedie, a key text of the enlightenment. These philosophes were social reformers: in response to terrible inequaliies between the common people and the privileged classes, they developed doctrines about individual human rights. Some of these doctrines were incorporated into the declaraion of independence, consituion, and bill of rights. Thomas jeferson, thomas paine, and benjamin franklin were representaive of the enlightenment. Humanitarian ideals and a longing for universal brotherhood were fundamental to a popular movement known as freemasonry, the teachings of the secret fraternal order of masons. Frederick the great, joseph ii, washington, goethe, haydn and mozart were part of this group.
