BIOL 202 Chapter 4: Chapter 4: Structure of Bacterial and Archaeal Cells

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Chapter 4: structure of bacterial and archaeal cells. Two distinct groups of prokaryotes: the bacteria and the archaea. Organisms in both (more often in archaea) are termed extremophiles: the ability to adapt and live in extreme environmental conditions. Archaea: ancient species that live mostly in very hot areas: although they are prokaryotes, they are as distinct from bacteria as they are from eukaryotes. There is tremendous diversity among the bacteria and archaea. The domain bacteria contains some of the most studied microbial organisms: 25 phyla have been identified under bacteria, most are beneficial; some are pathogenic. Bacteria in total have been estimated to outweigh the mass of all plants and animals combined; they occupy literally every part of the. Proteobacteria: phylum; largest and most diverse group of bacterial species. Gram-negative: escherichia, shigella, salmonella, neisseria, yersinia, vibrio, the mitochondria from eukarya probably evolved from proteobacteria via endosymbiosis, rickettsiae: obligate, intracellular parasites. Only able to reproduce inside a host cell.

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