BIO 124 Chapter Notes - Chapter 20: Synapomorphy, Paraphyly, Monophyly
24 Mar 2017
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20. 1: phylogenies show evolutionary relationships: organisms share traits due to common ancestry, taxonomy, how organisms are named and classified, ordered division and naming orgnaisms. Binomial nomenclature: binomial = two part, part one = genus to which the species belongs, part two = specific epithet is unique for each species within a genus, latin names. 20. 2: phylogenies are inferred from morphological and molecular data: systematics gathers as much information as possible about morphology, genes and biochemistry of relevant organisms. Morphological and molecular homologies: phenotypic and genetic similarities due to shared ancestries are called homologies, organisms with similar morphologies or dna sequences are likely to be more closely related than organisms with vastly different structures or sequences. Relationshipa: rates of evolution vary, evolution is not always divergent, convergent and unidirectional, homoplastic convergence. 2: saber teeth, evolved independently in different clades of extinct mammals, homoplasy from convergent evolution too, homoplasy combined with shared derived characters results in multiple solutions.
