BIO 201 Chapter 4: Antagonistic control of the autonomic division
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8 Aug 2016
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Efferent division of pns can be subdivided into somatic motor neurons, which control skeletal muscles and autonomic neurons which control smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. The branches are distinguished best by type of situation in which they are most active. Parasympathetic neurons are said to control rest functions. Sympathetic branch is dominant in stressful situations, such as potential threats. Autonomic control of body function switches between sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. Autonomic nervous system works with endocrine system to maintain homeostasis. Sensory info from somatosensory and visceral receptors goes to homeostatic control centers in the brain. Behavioral responses are integrated in brain centers responsible for motivated behaviors and control of movement. Sensory info integrated in cerebral cortex can create emotions that influence autonomic output. Spinal reflexes are autonomic reflexes capable of taking place without brain input, such as urination. Body fxns that can be influenced by descending pathways from the brain but do not require input.
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