BIOLOGY 201L Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Membrane Transport Protein, Protein Folding, Luminescence

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22 Jan 2016
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Proteins are the main building blocks from which cells are assembled; constitute most of cell"s dry mass. Provide cell shape and structure; executes cell"s functions. Act as channels and pumps in cell membrane that control passage of nutrients and small molecules in and out of cell. Carry messages from one cell to another or act as signal integrators that relay info from plasma membrane to nucleus of cells. Act as antibodies, toxins, hormones, antifreeze molecules, elastic fibers, luminescence generators. Proteins are polypeptides and their amino acid chains are polypeptide chains. Polypeptide backbone is formed from a repeating sequence of core atoms (-n-c- One end has an amino group nh2/nh3+ and the other a carboxyl group. End with amino is amino terminus or n-terminus. End with carboxyl is carboxyl terminus or c-terminus. Side chains are the part of the amino acid that isn"t involved in forming peptide bonds. They give amino acids their unique properties (polarity, charge, reactivity).

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