PSYCH-230 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Monoamine Oxidase A, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone, Postpartum Depression
Document Summary
Amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and the anterior cingulate are the main brain structures implicated in mdd and bipolar disorder. Amygdala hyperactivity is tied to depression this hyperactivity in short 5-httlpr variant carriers is related to increased sensitivity to negative stimuli. Almost all depressed people have reduced prefrontal function. Hyperactive amygdala in combination with hypoactive prefrontal regions is related to diminished cognitive appraisal and depression and represents a neurophysiological correlate of cognitive bias. Recurrent depression and long-duration untreated depression are related to decreased hippocampal volume and neurocognitive impairment. Hippocampal volume reductions occur among people whose duration of mdd was longer than 2 years or who had multiple episodes, suggesting that reductions occur after onset. Suggest that large samples are used and focus be on speci c characteristics of bd. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (hpa) axis may also play a role in depression. Limbic area of the brain is closely linked to emotion and also affects the hypothalamus.