HLTH 210 Chapter Notes - Chapter 20: Sleep Debt, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Lightdark
7 May 2018
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SLEEP: A HEALTH IMPERATIVE
● Sleep deprivation contributes to anumber of molecular, immune, and neural changes
that play a role in disease development, independent of primary sleep disorders
● Poor sleep health is largely accounted for by the high prevalence of primary sleep
disorders andt he growing number of people living with chronic sleep deficiency, a state
of inadequate or mistimed sleep, independent of a primary sleep disorder
○ 50-70 million adult Americans have a chronic sleep disorder that constributes to
poor health
○ ⅓ adult americans are sleeping less than 7 hrs per night, an amount at which
physiological and neurobehavioral deficits manifest and become progressively
worse under chronic conditions
● “If you snooze, you lose”indeed the percentage of men and reporting sleeping less than
6 hours per night has increased significantly over the last 20 years
● Sleep is exquisitely organized and controlled
○ Human sleep is composed of 2 distinct states
■ Non-rapid eye movement (NREM):
● N1
● N2
● N3--deep restorative sleep; associated with marked reductions in
sympathetic activity resulting in decreased heart rate and blood
pressure and stable breathing
○ Low amounts of N3 are associated with increased
cardiovascular disease risk
● Characterized by progressively more synchronous cortical neuron
activity, stable autonomic function,a nd increasing arousal
thresholds
■ Rapid eye movment (REM)
● EEG shows low-voltage, mixed frequency brain wave activity,
more similar to the EEG of relaxed wakefulness than the more
synchronous NREM EEG
● Periodic bursts of rapid eye movements, variable autonomic
activity, and atonia of skeletal muscles are other features of REM
sleep
■ A typical night involves 4 to 6 repeated cycles of NREM and REM, each
lasting approximately 90 to 110 minutes
■ Fundamental homeostatic process is involved in the regulation of sleep
● The strength of this process is dependent upon the amount of time
elapsed since the last sleep period
● The homeostatuc pressure to sleep increases as a person stays
awake
○ The longer one stays awake, the stronger the homeostatic
drive to sleep becomes
■ Individuals with sleep deficiency due to short sleep duration accumulate a
sleep debt and will exhibit an increased drive to recover the lost sleep
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Document Summary
Sleep deprivation contributes to anumber of molecular, immune, and neural changes that play a role in disease development, independent of primary sleep disorders. 50-70 million adult americans have a chronic sleep disorder that constributes to poor health. Adult americans are sleeping less than 7 hrs per night, an amount at which physiological and neurobehavioral deficits manifest and become progressively worse under chronic conditions. If you snooze, you lose indeed the percentage of men and reporting sleeping less than. 6 hours per night has increased significantly over the last 20 years. Human sleep is composed of 2 distinct states. N3--deep restorative sleep; associated with marked reductions in sympathetic activity resulting in decreased heart rate and blood pressure and stable breathing. Low amounts of n3 are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Characterized by progressively more synchronous cortical neuron activity, stable autonomic function,a nd increasing arousal thresholds.
