CHEM 118 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Colloid, Strong Electrolyte, Boiling-Point Elevation
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Solution: a homogeneous mixture that forms from intermolecular forces. Water molecules will form a shell around the ions that are dissolving in them. Solubility is affected by strength of intermolecular forces. A positive end attracts to a negative end of another molecule. Ion-dipole: interaction of an ion and a dipole of a molecule. A temporary attractive force that results from electrons in two adjacent atoms moving around. Hydrogen: strong bond between hydrogen and a highly electronegative atom. Entropy is a measure of energy randomization (disorder) Enthalpy is the sum of the internal energy. Enthalpy of solution = enthalpy of solute + enthalpy of solvent + enthalpy of mix. To ensure energy change: overcome all attractions among solute particles (endothermic, overcome solvent molecule attractions (endothermic, form new solute-solvent molecules (exothermic) The overall change in energy depends on the change of energy during each of the three steps.
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