BIOL 3755 Chapter Notes - Chapter 16: Pancreatic Islets, Enteroendocrine Cell, Acetyl-Coa
Document Summary
Chapter 16 regulation or organic metabolism and energy balance. Control and integration of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. 16. 2 endocrine and neural control of absorptive and postabsorptive states: 2 pancreatic hormones insulin and glucagon which are polypeptide hormones secreted by islets of langerhans. Insulin: most important controller of organic metabolism. Insulin stimulates entry of glucose into muscle and adipose tissue. Incretins ~ secreted by enteroendocrine cells in gastrointestinal tract in response to eating; amplifies insulin response to glucose: glucose counterregulatory controls ~ oppose action of insulin in one way or. Glucagon another: glucagon is polypeptide hormone produced by alpha cells of pancreatic islets, stimulates glycogenolysis, stimulates gluconeogenesis, and stimulates synthesis of ketones. Epinephrine and sympathetic nerves to liver and adipose tissues: hormone sensitive lipase (hsl) ~ epinephrine stimulates activity of this enzyme; catalyzes breakdown of triglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol. Cortisol: major glucocorticoid produced by adrenal cortex; has essential permissive function in adjustments to fasting.