BMS 250 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Spliceosome, Intron, Cytosol
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The nucleus houses the nuclear dna along with the nucleolus and nucleoplasm. A nucleic acid biomolecule is formed by repeating monomers called nucleotides. Dna is specifically composed of deoxyribonucleotides, which include the five carbon sugar deoxyribose, a phosphate, and one of four nitrogenous bases: Nucleotide monomers are linked through the phosphate groups by phosphodiester bonds to form a polymer strand. Each dna molecule contains two complementary strands of nucleotides. They are bonded together by weak hydrogen bonds between the nucleotide bases to form a double helix structure. The base adenine pairs only with the base thymine, whereas the guanine base pairs only with the base cytosine. This specific interaction between bases is called complementary base pairing: dna is an enormous macromolecule that comprises most of the genetic material of the cell(cid:345) a small amount is found within mitochondria(cid:346). The amount of dna in a human cell contains over (cid:329) billion pairs of nucleotides.
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