HONR 1034 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Dihybrid Cross, Punnett Square, Binomial Theorem
Chapter 3: Mendelian Genetics
I. Mendel used a model experimental approach to study patterns of inheritance
A. Traits:
II. The monohybrid cross reveals how one trait is transmitted from generation to generation
A. Monohybrid cross:
B. Selfing:
C. P1 parental generation, F1 first filial generation, F2 second filial generation
D. Reciprocal crosses:
E. Mendel’s first three postulates
F. Modern genetic terminology
G. Mendel’s analytic approach
H. Punnett squares
I. The testcross: one character
1. Testcross:
III. Mendel’s dihybrid cross generated a unique F2 ratio
A. Dihybrid cross:
B. Mendel’s fourth postulate: independent assortment
1. Product law:
C. The testcross: two characters
IV. The trihybrid cross demonstrates that Mendel’s principles apply to inheritance of multiple traits
A. Trihybrid cross:
B. The forked-line method, or branch diagram
1. Forked-line method:
2. Branch diagram:
V. Mendel’s work was rediscovered in the early twentieth century
A. Continuous variation:
B. Discontinuous variation:
C. The chromosomal theory of inheritance:
1. Maternal and paternal parents
D. Unit factors, genes, and homologous chromosomes
VI. Independent assortment leads to extensive genetic variation
VII. Laws of probability help to explain genetic events
A. Sum law
B. The binomial theorem
VIII. Chi-square analysis evaluates the influence of chance on genetic data
A. Change deviation:
B. Chi-square calculations and the null hypothesis
1. Null hypothesis (H0)
2. Chi-squared analysis:
3. Degrees of freedom:
C. Interpreting probability values
IX. Pedigrees reveal patterns of inheritance of human traits
A. Pedigree
B. Pedigree analysis
X. Mutant phenotypes have been examined at the molecular level
A. How Mendel’s peas become wrinkled: a molecular explanation
B. Tay-sachs disease: the molecular basis of a recessive disorder in humans
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