BIOL 1202 Chapter : Principles Of Evolution
Document Summary
Orthodox, rightly guided caliphs: abu bakr 632-634, umar 634-644, most successful rule, established many practices and instidutions of. Latin, syriac, coptic, and persian into arabic: medicine, anatomy, disease (ibn- avicenna- father of modern medicine, established shari"ah, ulama- religious scholars grow in power, gates of iijtihad closed, emergence of sufism. Growth of islam beyond arabia: umayyad rule in spain 756-1031,1492, cordoba(spanish city), andalucia, mutual toleration under muslims, jews, and christians, dhimmis(christians and jews, legal status of fellow monotheists)- Intellectual culture, flowering of islamic and jewish culture especially, transmitted to christian europe: fatimid caliphate 11th century, persecuted dhimmis, provoked crusades, saladin(muslim) retook. Colonoliaisim: way of devotion, mystical core of islam. Ideal system, not an achieved realized system: movement to standardize law in 8th and 9th centuries to limit autonomy of rulers. Includes religious duties, matters of ethics, and religious law: only to regulate ones external actions, not inner spirituality. Sources of jurisprudence (fiqh: quran, hadith, qiyas (use of analogy)
