PSYC 4030 Chapter : 3 8 Problem Solving
Document Summary
Little consensus in how to organize concepts, techniques, approaches, etc. in problem solving: some writers may categorize methods as separate while others may see them as sub categories. Ideal: d-define and represent the problem, e- explore possible strategies, a- act on the strategies. Approaches: trial and error, heuristics- rule of thumb, working backwards- start at objective/goal state, means and analysis- break problem into sub objectives/goals. Ignoring problems: complacency, rationalizing, passing the buck, procrastinating. Solving problems in the same way- set effects: using past approaches for new problems, either applying more of the same or taking an opposite approach. Representing the problems the same way- functional fixedness: cognitive bias that limits us to using an object only in this way it is conventionally used, originated in gestalt psychology. Set effects: problem solvers biased by their experience to prefer familiar strategies, problem solvers ignore easier/different ways to solve problems in favor of more familiar ones, effect can be reduced with a warning.
