BIOL 111 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Monera, Protist, Eukaryote
Document Summary
Taxonomy - system of naming and classifying organisms. Binomial - each species is given a two-part name. : genus describes the group to which the organism belongs. : species epithet applies to a single species within a genus. Species - any group of closely related organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Taxon - the generalized name for any taxonomic unit at any level of the hierarchy. Kingdom monera: all prokaryotic organisms. (domain bacteria, domain archaea, domain eukarya) Kingdom protista: eukaryotic, single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Kingdom fungi: eukaryotic, uni- or multicellular heterotrophic food absorbers. The goal of systematics is to better understand the history of life, both living (extant) and dead (extinct), by examining the patterns of evolutionary relationships among the different taxa. Phylogeny - displays the evolutionary relationships between organisms (evolutionary tree or cladogram) Shows organisms in clades (monophyletic groups), a group of organisms that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants.
