PSY30400 Chapter 12: Chapter 12 Part 7
Chapter 12: Problem Solving
• Analogical Encoding:
o way to notice structural similarities
▪ process by which two problems are compared and similarities between them
are determined
o Experiment that showed that it is possible to get subjects to discover similar
structural features by having them compare two cases that illustrate a principle
▪ problem involving negotiation (trade-off vs. contingency)
▪ Trade-Off:
• I ill gie you A, if you gie me B
▪ Contingency:
• a person gets what he or she wants if something else happens
o Results of experiment showed that when presented with the new test problem,
subjects tended to use the negotiating strategy that had been emphasized in the
sample case
▪ Conclusion =
• having people compare stories is an effective way to achieve
analogical encoding because it forces people to pay attention to
structural features that enhance their ability to solve problems
• Analogical Paradox:
o real-world examples of analogical problem solving are illustrated by this
o People routinely used analogies in the real-world
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