PSYC 3450 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Grid Cell, Place Cell, Cognitive Map
28 Apr 2018
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Chapter 11: Cognitive Control Of Behavior
The term cognition refers to a aial’s or perso’s koledge of the
environment.
Tola’s Purposive Behavioris
-Human behavior has both direction and purpose.
-Our behavior is goal oriented because we are motivated either to
approach a particular reward or to avoid a specific aversive event.
-Used terms purpose and expectation to describe the process that
motivates our behavior.
-Not only our behavior is goal oriented, but we also expect a specific
outcome to follow a specific behavior.
-We are able to reach or goals only after we have learned to recognize
the signs leading to reward or punishment in our environment.
-We do not have to be reinforced to learn. However, our expectations
will not translate into behavior unless we are motivated.
-Our behavior remains flexible enough to allow us to reach our goals.
Place Learning Studies
-People expect reward in a certain place, and they follow the paths
leading to that place.
T-Maze Experiments
Two groups of rats
Response Learning: Had to turn in same direction to be reinforced
Place Learning: Had to be in same place to be reinforced
-All the place-condition animals learned within 8 trials and continued to
behave without errors fort he next 10 trials.
-None of the rats in the response-learning condition learned this
rapidly;even after responding correctly; they continued to make errors.
-Superior learning occurs when we can obtain reward in a certain place
rather than by using a certain response.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Alternate Path Studies
-Your cognitive map, or your spatial representation if the physical
environment would produce the expectation that B is also blocked and
thus would motivate you to choose C. In contrast, S-R associative
interpretation predicts you would choose B because it represents the
second strong habit.
-Knowledge of our environment, rather than blind habit, often
influences our behavior
Place and Grid Cells
Place cell: In hippocampus that respond when an animal is in a general
location in the physical environment.
Grid cells: Responds to specific locations in the physical environment
-Hippoapal plae ell atiity is highly orrelated ith a aial’s
spatial behavior in a maze and serves to guide goal-directed behavior.
-Cognitive map contains alternate paths to a goal, and if the most direct
path is blocked, animals are capable of selecting an alternate path that
is not blocked.
-Place cells and grid cells represents the cognitive map Tolman thought
guided goal-oriented behavior.
Laten Learning Studies gizli öğree Tola’s study
-Reward is not necessary for us to develop a cognitive map; reward
influences behavior only when we must use that information to obtain
reward. Reward motivates behavior but does not affect learning.
-NR group received no reward during the experiment
-R group received reward throughout the study
-NR-R group received reward from day 11 to day 20
Adding reward on day 11 led to a rapid decline in the number of errors
subjects in group NR-R made
-These results suggest that NR-R animals were learning during the intial
trials even though they did not receive any food reward.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The term cognition refers to a(cid:374) a(cid:374)i(cid:373)al"s or perso(cid:374)"s k(cid:374)o(cid:449)ledge of the environment. Our behavior is goal oriented because we are motivated either to approach a particular reward or to avoid a specific aversive event. Used terms purpose and expectation to describe the process that motivates our behavior. Not only our behavior is goal oriented, but we also expect a specific outcome to follow a specific behavior. We are able to reach or goals only after we have learned to recognize the signs leading to reward or punishment in our environment. We do not have to be reinforced to learn. However, our expectations will not translate into behavior unless we are motivated. Our behavior remains flexible enough to allow us to reach our goals. People expect reward in a certain place, and they follow the paths leading to that place. Response learning: had to turn in same direction to be reinforced.
