BIOLOGY 1114H Chapter Notes - Chapter 24: Species Problem, Ecological Niche, Reproductive Isolation

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Speciation: the process by which one species splits into two or more species. Microevolution: changes over time in allele frequencies in a population. Macroevolution: the broad pattern of evolution above the species level. 24-1| the biological species concept emphasizes reproductive isolation. Biological species concept: a species is a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring but do not produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other such groups. Reproductive isolation: the existence of biological factors that impede members of two species from interbreeding and producing viable, fertile offspring. Preventative barriers: prezygotic (blocks fertilization of egg)[habitat isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation, gametic isolation] postzygotic (contributes to reproductive isolation and failure to survive or reproduce) [reduced hybrid viability, reduced hybrid fertility, hybrid breakdowns] Morphological species concept: distinguishes species by body shape and other structural features. Can be applied to asexual and sexual organisms.

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