HUMNNTR 2210 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Maple Syrup, Corn Syrup, Neotame
19 Sep 2016
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Document Summary
Carbohydrates are created in plants through photosynthesis. They are our main fuel source for body cells. Refined and processed products lack many of the health benefits provided by unprocessed sources of carbohydrates (ex. When they are absorbed from the small intestine and delivered to the liver, the fructose and galactose is converted to glucose. Common disaccharides: sucrose (glucose and fructose, maltose (glucose and glucose, lactose (glucose and galactose, when digested, they yield their component monosaccharides. One major group of polysaccharides consists of storage forms of glucose: starches in plants and glycogen in humans. These can be broken down by human digestive enzymes, releasing glucose units. The main plant starches straight-chain amylose and branched-chain amylopectin are digested by enzymes in the mouth and small intestine. Glycogen is synthesized in the liver and muscle tissue from glucose. Fiber is composed primarily of the polysaccharides cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, gum, mucilage, as well as the non-carbohydrate lignins.
