HUMNNTR 2210 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Bariatric Surgery, Stimulus Control, Behavior Modification
14 Oct 2016
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Energy balance considers energy intake and energy output. Negative energy balance occurs when energy output surpasses energy intake, resulting in weight loss. Positive energy balance occurs when calorie intake is greater than output, resulting in weight gain. Basal metabolism, the thermic effect of food, physical activity and adaptive thermogenesis account for total energy use by the body. Basal metabolism, which represents the minimum amount of calories required to keep the resting, awake body alive, is primarily affected by lean body mass, surface area, and thyroid hormone concentrations. Physical activity is energy use above that expended at rest. The thermic effect of food describes the increase in metabolism that facilitates digestion, absorption, and processing of the nutrients recently consumed. Adaptive thermogenesis includes involuntary activities, such as shivering and fidgeting, that increase energy use and may counter extra calories from overeating. In a sedentary person, about 70-85% of energy use is accounted for by basal metabolism and the thermic effect of food.
