MGT 250 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Lillian Moller Gilbreth, Operations Management, Gantt Chart
9 May 2018
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MGT 150 Ch. 2: The History of Management Sept. 19, 2017
▪ 2-1: The Origins of Management:
• Management jobs & careers didn’t exist 125 yrs. ago; was not even a field of study.
• Wasn’t until past few centuries that systematic changes in nature of work & organizations created
a compelling need for managers.
▪ 2-1a&b: Management Ideas & Practices Throughout History & Why We Need Managers
Today:
• Sumerian businesses used small clay tokens to calculate quantities of grain, livestock, value, &
used to store data.
• Eventually, someone figured out that it was easier to just write these symbols w/ a stylus on a
tablet instead of using the tokens.
• In the end, the new technology of writing led to more efficient management of the business of
Sumerian temples.
• Egyptians recognized the need for planning, organizing, & controlling; for submitting written
requests; & for consulting staff for advice before making decisions when creating the great
pyramids.
• The design of jobs and organizations has changed dramatically over the past 500 years.
• People in the old days didn’t commute to work; usually done in homes or on farms.
• Jobs and organizations changed during the Industrial Revolution (1750-1900).
• This change was made possible by the availability of power along w/ other inventions.
▪ 2-2: Scientific Management: thoroughly studying and testing different work methods to identify
the best, most efficient way to complete a job.
• Soldering: when workers deliberately slow their pace or restrict their work output
▪ 2-2a: Father of Scientific Management: Frederick W. Taylor:
• Taylor’s Four Principles of Scientific Management:
1. Develop a science for each element of a man’s work & replace old rule-of-thumb method.
2. Scientifically select, train, teach, & develop workman.
3. Cooperate w/ men so as to ensure all work being done is in accordance w/ principles of science
that has been developed.
4. Management takes over all work for which they are better fitted than workmen.
▪ 2-2b: Motion Studies: Frank and Lillian Gilbreth:
• Motion Study: breaking each task/job into its separate motions & eliminating those that are
unnecessary/repetitive.
• Time Study: timing how long it takes good workers to complete each part of their jobs.
▪ 2-2c: Charts: Henry Gantt:
• Made significant contributions to management w/ respect to pay-for-performance plans & training
& development of workers.
• Gantt chart visually indicates what tasks must be completed at which times in order to complete a
project.
o Were revolutionary in era of seat-of-the-pants management b/c of detailed planning info they
provided.
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