NUR 2462C Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Vital Signs, Palmar Grasp Reflex, 18 Months
PEDIATRIC NURSING ATI
Parenting Styles, Piaget, Erikson, Best Practices for Examining Children
• Parenting styles
o Authoritarian: parent control their child’s behavior through unquestioned rules and expectations
o Permissive: parent has little control over the child’s behavior and they actually consult te child when making
decisions
o Authoritative: parent sets some rules but will explain the reason behind the rules and enforce the rules (best)
o Passive: parent is uninvolved and indifferent to the child’s behavior, doing their own thing
• Piaget (cognitive development)
o Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years)
▪ Goal: achieve object permanence (happens around nine months)
o Preoperational stage (2 years to 7 years)
▪ Goal: symbolic thought
o Concrete operational (7 to 11 years)
▪ Goal: operation thought (child will begin to see the perspective of others up until they are kind of more self-
centered)
o Formal operational (11 years through adulthood)
▪ Goal: grasp abstract concepts
• Erikson (psychosocial development)
o Trust versus mistrust (infancy, birth to 18 months)
o Autonomy versus shame and doubt (early childhood, 18 months to 3 years)
o Initiative versus guilt (preschool, 3 years to 6 years)
o Industry versus inferiority (school-age, 6 years to 12 years)
o Identity versus role confusion (adolescence, 12 to 20 years)
o Intimacy versus isolation (young adulthood, 20 to 40 years)
o Generativity versus stagnation (middle adulthood, 40 to 65 years)
o Integrity versus despair (maturity, 65 years and older)
• Best practices for examination
o Keeping medical equipment out of sight
o Want to use age-appropriate language; simple, easy to understand words
o Demonstrate assessment on doll or puppet
o Allow child to handle the equipment or play equipment
o Role play
o Allow child to sit on the parent’s lap, let parent stay in room
Vital Signs, Physical Assessment, Infant Reflexes
• Vital signs
o Temperature will be higher when they are younger
▪ 1 years old and under: 99.9
▪ 5 years: 98.6
o Pulse: faster when they are younger
▪ Baby: 80-180 beats
▪ 2 to 10 years: 60-100 beats
o Respirations: faster when the child is younger
▪ Newborn: 30 to 35 breaths
▪ 6 to 12 years: 19 to 21 breaths
o Blood pressure: lower when they are younger
▪ Infants: systolic 65 to 78; diastolic 41 to 50
▪ 10 years: systolic 97 to 134; diastolic 58 to 94
• Physical assessment
o Fontanel’s: should not be bulging or sunken; should be flat and soft
▪ Posterior: closes at 6 to 8 months
▪ Anterior: closes at 12 to 18 months
o Weight will double at 6 months and triple at a year
Document Summary
Parenting styles, piaget, erikson, best practices for examining children. Initiative versus guilt (preschool, 3 years to 6 years) Industry versus inferiority (school-age, 6 years to 12 years) Identity versus role confusion (adolescence, 12 to 20 years) Intimacy versus isolation (young adulthood, 20 to 40 years: generativity versus stagnation (middle adulthood, 40 to 65 years) Language: 10 months, one words, 1 year, 3 to 5 words, separation anxiety, begins around 4 to 8 months, stranger fear, begins 6 to 8 months, age-appropriate activities. Infant: solitary play, rattles, balls, teething toys, nesting toys, patty-cake. Immunizations: birth, hep b, 2 months, b: hep b, d: dtap, r: roto virus, h: hib vaccine. I: ipv: p: pvc, 4 months, d, r, h. Toddlers: 2 years: weight 4 times the birth weight; 3 inches per year, head circumference should be equal to their chest circumference.