NUTR 30300 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Kidney Stone Disease, Hypotension, Vasopressin
15 Oct 2018
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NUTR 303 Chapter 9
9.1
- Every cell, tissue and organ contain some water
- Water comprises 50-70% of the human body
- Water is essential for life
- Only last several days without water
- Water is often called the universal solvent
- Solvent-liquid substance in which other substances dissolve
- Carbs, proteins, minerals, and many vitamins are water soluble
- Lipids aren’t water soluble
- Water acts to transport nutrients to all the cells of the body
- Metabolism of nutrients generate some waste products, most of which can dissolve in
water and exit the body part of urine
- Water is important participant in many chemical reactions
- Metabolic water-water formed as a by-product of carbohydrates, lipids and protein
metabolism
- Water temperature changes slowly because it has a great ability to hold heat
- Water molecules are polar (charged) so are attracted to each other
- It takes a lot of energy to change body temperature
- When overheated, the body secrets fluid on the form of perspiration, which evaporates
through skin pores, releasing heat energy
- Increased body temperature, blood vessels become larger, allowing greater water loss
through perspiration
- 60% of energy turned into body heat
- 40% is converted to forms of energy that cells can use
- Almost all of the energy eventually leaves the body in form of heat
- Body secretes many fluids that are primarily water
- Without the adequate availability of water, the ability of the body to produce these
critical secretions will be limited
9.2
- Despite its critical importance for human survival, water is not stored in the body
- Its continually lost through respiration (lungs), perspiration (skin), and excretion (urine
and feces)
- The adequate intake (AI) for total water is 2.7 liters (11 cups) for adult women and 3.7(
15 cups) for adult men
- For fluid alone 2.2 liters (9 cups) for women and 3 liters (13 cups) for men
- Fluid intake makes the biggest contribution to our total water needs
- Body produces 250-350 milliliters (1-1.5 cups) of water each day as a by-product of the
chemical reactions used to metabolize energy
- The amount of metabolic water produced can double in physical active people
- Urinary excretion of water accounts for the greatest source of output
- Fluid lost through lung respirations called “insensible” water loss because its difficult to
measure
Document Summary
Every cell, tissue and organ contain some water. Water is often called the universal solvent. Solvent-liquid substance in which other substances dissolve. Carbs, proteins, minerals, and many vitamins are water soluble. Water acts to transport nutrients to all the cells of the body. Metabolism of nutrients generate some waste products, most of which can dissolve in. Lipids aren"t (cid:449)ater solu(cid:271)le water and exit the body part of urine. Water is important participant in many chemical reactions. Metabolic water-water formed as a by-product of carbohydrates, lipids and protein metabolism. Water temperature changes slowly because it has a great ability to hold heat. Water molecules are polar (charged) so are attracted to each other. When overheated, the body secrets fluid on the form of perspiration, which evaporates. It takes a lot of energy to change body temperature through skin pores, releasing heat energy. Increased body temperature, blood vessels become larger, allowing greater water loss through perspiration.
