01:830:340 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Schizoaffective Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, Reduced Affect Display

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10 May 2018
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Chapter 13
Schizophrenia (positive, negative, cognitive impairments)
Symptoms
Involve deterioration of basic functions affecting individuals’ thoughts and
perceptions
Usually people who get this disorder never really go back to how they were
before
Positive- also called psychotic symptoms
Negative- responses or functions that appear to be missing from a person’s
behavior
More stable than positive symptoms
Gradual onset schizophrenia (prodromal, acute, residual)
Prodromal- precedes the active phase and is marked by an obvious
deterioration in function similar to schizotypal personality disorder (cluster A)
active/psychotic- positive, negative, disorganized symptoms
Positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, speech abnormalities)
First symptoms show between ages 15-35 yrs
Hallucinations
Perceptual disturbances
Negative symptoms (blunted affect, anhedonia, avolition, alogia, affective flattening,
psychomotor Retardation, waxy flexibility)
Disorganized symptoms (loose associations (derailment), disconnected ideas,
Perseveration)
Antipsychotic medications (neurotransmitters, side-effects, tardive dyskinesia)
Have to take medication; this is the first go-to
Have relatively similar effects to reduce psychotic symptoms
Usually takes 2-3 weeks before improvement is seen with regard to psychotic
symptoms
Positive symptoms respond better than negative symptoms
Motor side effects
schizoaffective disorder
Symptoms of patients fall on the boundary between schizophrenia and mood
disorders - only an episode
Diagnosed by the presence of delusions and hallucinations for at least 2
weeks not during depressive or manic phase. Depressive episode with
psychotic symptoms only during affective episodes.
Dopamine hypothesis- elevated sensitivity to dopamine; dopamine is involved in higher
order thinking and motor functioning; drugs block D2 receptors
Dopamine hypothesis focuses on the function of specific dopamine pathways in the
limbic area of the brain
Genetic influences (concordance, gene-environment correlation)
Mothers may have had problems during pregnancy
Many people with schizophrenia come from low SES
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Document Summary

Involve deterioration of basic functions affecting individuals" thoughts and perceptions. Usually people who get this disorder never really go back to how they were before. Negative- responses or functions that appear to be missing from a person"s behavior. Prodromal- precedes the active phase and is marked by an obvious deterioration in function similar to schizotypal personality disorder (cluster a) First symptoms show between ages 15-35 yrs. Negative symptoms (blunted affect, anhedonia, avolition, alogia, affective flattening, psychomotor retardation, waxy flexibility) Disorganized symptoms (loose associations (derailment), disconnected ideas, Have to take medication; this is the first go-to. Have relatively similar effects to reduce psychotic symptoms. Usually takes 2-3 weeks before improvement is seen with regard to psychotic symptoms. Positive symptoms respond better than negative symptoms. Symptoms of patients fall on the boundary between schizophrenia and mood disorders - only an episode. Diagnosed by the presence of delusions and hallucinations for at least 2 weeks not during depressive or manic phase.

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