01:830:340 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Schizoaffective Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, Reduced Affect Display
Chapter 13
● Schizophrenia (positive, negative, cognitive impairments)
○ Symptoms
■ Involve deterioration of basic functions affecting individuals’ thoughts and
perceptions
○ Usually people who get this disorder never really go back to how they were
before
○ Positive- also called psychotic symptoms
○ Negative- responses or functions that appear to be missing from a person’s
behavior
■ More stable than positive symptoms
● Gradual onset schizophrenia (prodromal, acute, residual)
○ Prodromal- precedes the active phase and is marked by an obvious
deterioration in function similar to schizotypal personality disorder (cluster A)
○ active/psychotic- positive, negative, disorganized symptoms
● Positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, speech abnormalities)
○ First symptoms show between ages 15-35 yrs
○ Hallucinations
■ Perceptual disturbances
● Negative symptoms (blunted affect, anhedonia, avolition, alogia, affective flattening,
psychomotor Retardation, waxy flexibility)
● Disorganized symptoms (loose associations (derailment), disconnected ideas,
Perseveration)
● Antipsychotic medications (neurotransmitters, side-effects, tardive dyskinesia)
○ Have to take medication; this is the first go-to
○ Have relatively similar effects to reduce psychotic symptoms
○ Usually takes 2-3 weeks before improvement is seen with regard to psychotic
symptoms
○ Positive symptoms respond better than negative symptoms
○ Motor side effects
● schizoaffective disorder
○ Symptoms of patients fall on the boundary between schizophrenia and mood
disorders - only an episode
■ Diagnosed by the presence of delusions and hallucinations for at least 2
weeks not during depressive or manic phase. Depressive episode with
psychotic symptoms only during affective episodes.
● Dopamine hypothesis- elevated sensitivity to dopamine; dopamine is involved in higher
order thinking and motor functioning; drugs block D2 receptors
○ Dopamine hypothesis focuses on the function of specific dopamine pathways in the
limbic area of the brain
● Genetic influences (concordance, gene-environment correlation)
○ Mothers may have had problems during pregnancy
○ Many people with schizophrenia come from low SES
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Document Summary
Involve deterioration of basic functions affecting individuals" thoughts and perceptions. Usually people who get this disorder never really go back to how they were before. Negative- responses or functions that appear to be missing from a person"s behavior. Prodromal- precedes the active phase and is marked by an obvious deterioration in function similar to schizotypal personality disorder (cluster a) First symptoms show between ages 15-35 yrs. Negative symptoms (blunted affect, anhedonia, avolition, alogia, affective flattening, psychomotor retardation, waxy flexibility) Disorganized symptoms (loose associations (derailment), disconnected ideas, Have to take medication; this is the first go-to. Have relatively similar effects to reduce psychotic symptoms. Usually takes 2-3 weeks before improvement is seen with regard to psychotic symptoms. Positive symptoms respond better than negative symptoms. Symptoms of patients fall on the boundary between schizophrenia and mood disorders - only an episode. Diagnosed by the presence of delusions and hallucinations for at least 2 weeks not during depressive or manic phase.